Procedures when young people leave care — Views of 111 Swedish social services managers

In western societies, there is a general tendency towards a protracted transition to adulthood for young people, who thereby may become increasingly dependent on support from family. Young people leaving a placement in out-of-home care often lack such support, and will thus have a disadvantageous position compared to their peers. With the purpose of looking into the procedures when young people leave a placement in out-of-home care, telephone interviews were performed with 111 managers of social service units in two Swedish regions (West Sweden, and Stockholm Region), using a structured interview schedule. Answering rate was 99.1%.Only 6% of the managers had information of the young people's whereabouts once they had left care. 86-88% had general support programmes for all young people concerning housing, employment etc. but only 2-4% had specific programmes for young people leaving care. A majority of the managers were attentive of the difficulties the young people leaving care may encounter, but displayed little awareness of the consequences of a prolonged transition to adulthood, and the need for continued support after leaving care. Several managers referred to the general support of the Swedish welfare state, meaning that young people leaving care had the same access to support as all other young people in Sweden. Consequently, young people leaving care are at risk of being invisible in the welfare system and facing a compressed transition to adulthood.     

Toward relationship-based child welfare services

A relationship-based theoretical framework for child welfare services is proposed. Research literature is reviewed relative to attachment theory, relationship quality of maltreated child-parent and maltreated child-surrogate parent dyads, and effective child-parent and child-surrogate parent relationship-enhancing interventions. Authors recommend that establishment or repair of a protective, emotionally responsive positive child-parent or child-surrogate parent relationship be the central focus of child welfare services. A model is offered as a conceptual foundation for measures to be used in federal Child and Family Services Reviews.     

Concluding commentary: Varied perspectives on child welfare

A fuller understanding of the child welfare system requires its examination from multiple perspectives, as is demonstrated in this special issue. Until recently, the perspectives of mothers involved in child protection and whose children had been placed in foster care had been particularly neglected. This special issue contributes to progress in the research literature in this regard. Questions are raised about the nature of the interactions between the mothers and the child protection system, and the compatibility of those interactions with effective service delivery. This commentary concludes with the suggestions that we seek better ways to structure the child welfare system, and that a social movement composed of parents involved in that system, children in foster care, caseworkers and administrators, and researchers, all united as allies, might be necessary to effect such change.     

Dilemmas of Inter‐Professional Collaboration: Can they be Resolved?

Members of eight inter‐professional teams working in different areas of children’s services discussed their thoughts on three types of inter‐professional dilemmas. Participants described resolutions to dilemmas in terms of the construction and pursuit of joint goals. However, emergent themes included identity, power, territory and expertise. These arise from professionals’ everyday roles and activities and can directly influence construction and pursuit of joint goals. Successful collaboration, therefore, may entail some degree of professional self‐sacrifice in these areas.     

劳务输出与贫困地区农村经济发展——湘西南某贫困村的调查研究

根据当前贫困地区农村劳务输出的现状,本研究采用问卷调查、个案访谈、实地观察等方法,对湘西南一个贫困村庄进行了深入调查研究。劳务输出对当地农村反贫困起到了关键作用,促进了农村经济的整体发展,促进了家庭经济状况的改善,有利于个人经济发展。     

西方国家公共服务市场化对中国行政改革的思想启示

西方国家公共服务市场化改革的经验告诉我们 ,理论创新是公共服务市场化的关键 ,体制改革是公共服务市场化的必要条件 ,本国公共行政传统是选择公共服务市场化道路的出发点。我们必须在立足于中国行政文化传统的 ,大胆吸收西方国家行政改革的思想养料 ,当务之急是建立民主、法治政府 ,为中国公共服务市场化奠定制度基础 ,从中国国情出发 ,找到一条符合中国实际的公共服务市场化道路。     

新冠肺炎疫情对老年健康服务的影响及启示

新冠肺炎疫情给老年健康服务带来新的挑战的同时,也在一定程度上促使中国老年健康服务提级升档。疫情期间尤其是疫情初期,老年人面临着就医用药难、照护服务开展受阻、健康信息获取渠道单一、社会隔离以及防疫物资准备不充分等问题。国家层面迅速做出响应,出台了一系列政策措施,支持老年健康服务业发展,地方层面也积极探索,通过线上线下相结合的方式,调动家庭医生团队开展服务、多渠道普及健康防疫知识,保障老年人健康需求。基于网络化治理理论,老年健康服务应实现主体多元化、治理基层化、信息化和动态化。结合疫情防控经验,分别从服务环境、基层卫生服务能力建设、健康教育服务、老年人心理健康以及公共突发卫生事件抵御能力等几个方面提出了具体建议。     

Frontline social service as a battlefield: Insights from street-level bureaucrats' interactions with violent clients

How do different types of social service providers experience and respond to violent clients? The street-level social service environment is a fertile ground for manifestations of violence by dissatisfied clients. This study examines the violence, verbal, and physical, to which street-level bureaucrats are exposed, and the different coping strategies they adopt. We explore these issues using interviews with 71 Israeli social service providers. Our results indicate that while some street-level bureaucrats are tolerant of client violence, others refuse to accept it. The former weigh their words, express empathy and seek to satisfy demands. The latter recruit the support of additional players and server relationships.     

天津市服务贸易发展现状与对策研究

当前,世界经济已经步入服务经济时代。加入WT0以来,我国服务业年均增速远高于经济平均增速,发展服务贸易的基础越来越坚实。经过努力,已初步形成较为完善、有效的服务贸易促进体系。据2012年数据显示,天津市服务贸易运行总体呈现增速明显加快,但各领域发展不平衡;发展的产业基础总体上仍然相对滞后;管理体制不够健全：缺乏系统的促进政策;总量与先进省市相比差距较大等问题。故此,针对问题应从政府、企业和商会三个层面做好中长期规划,发挥政府引领作用;加速企业自主创新,优化产业结构、促进服务产业升级;加强不同企业之间的联系和沟通：搭建教育培训平台等方面工作。     

地方服务:新建本科院校的功能定位

新建本科院校是中国高等教育院校结构中的重要组成部分,它的兴建有其特定的历史背景与社会条件,因此,其不能简单照搬重点大学发展的路径模式。新建本科院校在发展中要认清自身特点,以地方服务为功能定位既有必要性又有可行性,提出了以"一个中心,三方互动"为原则的地方服务的实现路径。