Curtains and the Soft Architecture of the American Postwar Domestic Environment

ABSTRACT

This article investigates the role of “soft architecture” and interior effects—including window treatments, textiles, and electric lighting—in the physcial and social construction of the postwar domestic environment in the USA. In this period the American home became an increasingly visual and visible space, defined more by the view out and the view in than by traditional conditions of domestic enclosure. Popular how-to columns and home decoration articles offered homemakers a variety of mechanisms for sustaining the appearance and psychological comfort of the modern domestic setting. Examining a range of popular decorative strategies used to mediate residential picture windows and window walls, this study challenges the deep-seated cultural and disciplinary biases associated with both the design and study of domestic architecture and interiors. Drawing upon historical documents and contemporary theorizations of the interior, this paper argues for the agency of “soft architecture” in the domestication of modern residential architecture.     

从现代化到全球化--史学研究背景话语的转化

20世纪 5 0年代以来 ,西方现代化研究的兴起、鼎盛及其转向全球化 ,在研究范式与学理建构上很有学术创新意义。 5 0年代 ,现代化研究的方法论主要是结构功能主义的 ,研究取向以欧美为参照系来研究发展中国家的现代化发展问题。 80年代 ,现代化研究被现代性研究所取代 ,研究取向由发展转向发达即西方社会自身。 90年代以来 ,以全球化为载体 ,把西方世界作为普世模式要求发展中国家向其看齐的全球化研究成为西方后现代主义的主流话语 ,全球化研究遂成西方现代化研究的后续整合形态     

从大江文学看战后日本文学中的天皇制禁忌

战后的日本虽然进入了民主社会,但天皇制仍然是让文学无法轻易触碰的一块禁地。大江健三郎、深泽七郎等人作品的被封杀,证明了日本战后文学的脆弱。大江的小说《十七岁》、《政治少年之死》,揭示出天皇制优越性、排他性、暴力性的本质,与其说它是对天皇制本身的否定,莫如说它是大江对民主主义思想尚未完全得以贯彻的战后日本现状的忧虑和批判,也是大江意欲摆脱禁忌,寻求创作自由的尝试。在天皇制禁忌依然根深蒂固的今天,大江等作家的努力越发难能可贵。     

论战后（1951-1965）美国对台教育援助

二战后,美国对中国台湾地区实施了大量的经济和军事援助,而教育援助是其中影响深远且易被人忽略的部分。其内容广泛,涉及职业教育、侨生教育、科学教育等方面,影响也波及经济、政治、文化等领域。通过教育援助,美国实现了对战后台湾社会的改造。     

A teacher and his students: child Holocaust testimonies from early postwar Polish Bytom

ABSTRACT

The document presented here was created in 1945 in Bytom, Poland. It contains testimonies by Holocaust survivor children collected and put down in a notebook by their survivor teacher, Shlomo Tsam, in the immediate aftermath of the Holocaust. The testimonies shed light on Jewish children's experience in Eastern Europe during the Holocaust, describing oppression, flight, and survival in the words of the weakest segment of Jewish communities – children. The testimonies provide raw data on the encounters between Jews and non-Jews in the territories in which the “Final Solution” was carried out. It is thus an important source contributing to the burgeoning research on the involvement of local populations in the murder of the Jews, on one hand, and in saving Jews, on the other. The creation of this document, one of several collections of Jewish survivor children's testimonies produced in the immediate postwar years, is also indicative of post-Holocaust Jewish sensibilities and concerns regarding surviving children.     

战后日本天皇制的保留及其特点和影响

战后 ,美国从切身利益出发 ,在实施对日占领过程中保留了天皇制。其原因既有美国对日本国情的深刻理解和客观判断 ,也有国际形势变化的重要影响。与历史上的天皇制相比 ,现代天皇制具有鲜明的象征性和民主性 ,它对战后日本社会产生了重要影响。     

反抗日本殖民的见证:台湾战后文学中的民族意识

上世纪50至70年代,台湾出现了一批具有强烈中华民族意识的文学作品,表现了台湾人民反抗日帝殖民统治的历史。这批作品的出现与台湾当时的社会状况和民众心理有着密切的关联。作品中表现出的强烈民族意识,对于反对今天的"台独"思想具有启示作用。可惜长期以来,我们学术界对这批作品关注很少,有鉴于此,本文拟结合台湾当时的文化语境和民众心理状况,对这批作品进行一些梳理研究。     

德国文化教育学的哲学倾向对二战后政治教育的影响

德国文化教育学是20世纪以来有着重要影响的教育理论。该理论在教育哲学方面的基本倾向是自由主义的,是20世纪教育新自由主义的重要流派。同时,它对教育基本问题的深刻分析,使它又具有独特的理论特质。这种基本倾向和理论特质对于二战后德国的政治教育活动产生了重大的影响。     

The Local History of an International Type: The Structural Panel Building in Czechoslovakia

ABSTRACT

Focusing on the state-run system of architectural offices as a mediator between politics and practice, this article considers how the 1948 Communist Party takeover of Czechoslovakia affected architectural practice and the establishment of housing types in the early 1950s. The legacy of a strong local construction industry before 1948 was critical to these developments. At the new Institute of Prefabricated Buildings, created in 1952, architects and engineers continued earlier research on prefabricated construction technologies. Through this work, the Czechoslovak government and its architectural administration soon concluded that its best long-term option for solving the country's housing crisis was the use of structural panel construction. Fifty years later, one in three Czechs still lives in the more than one million apartments built with this technology between 1954 and 1990. Structural panel construction was not a Soviet import; instead it developed out of local wartime experimentation at the Bat'a Shoe Company in Zlín, independently of similar research undertaken in the Soviet Union and other parts of the Eastern Bloc in the same years. Although buildings that look similar were constructed in the region and similar housing types appeared across Europe after the Second World War, this article argues that structural panel technology in Czechoslovakia is an example of local continuities in the building industry, rather than evidence of the homogenization of the postwar European landscape.     

Career Girls

Television representations of the British postwar working woman have been afforded little consideration in British historical television scholarship. In its exploration of two early 1960s female ensemble television series set in the workplace, Compact (1962–1965) and The Rag Trade (1961–1963), this article makes a significant feminist intervention in the reinstatement of this neglected figure into extant critical television histories. It also demonstrates that implicit media discourses around women balancing work and home life customarily situated in the latter part of the twentieth century were already in circulation in the early 1960s.