关于我国少数民族选举制度的几个问题

少数民族选举制度作为人民代表大会制度以及选举制度的重要组成部分 ,是依照《中华人民共和国宪法》和《中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法》以及其他法律的规定 ,保障少数民族的选举权和被选举权并产生代表参与管理国家事务的一项政治制度。本文首先提出了少数民族选举制度与民族区域自治制度以及民族乡制度同为最具中国特色的保障少数民族政治权利的三项政治制度的命题 ,并着重论述了少数民族选举制度产生的依据、产生和发展的历程以及贯穿其中的原则     

Internet y desindividuación. Nuevas perspectivas sobre la desindividuación en la red: el modelo de identidad social de los fenómenos de desindividuación (SIDE)

Resumen

Los fenómenos de la desindividuación en psicología social han estado ligados a las situaciones de anonimato y grupo, especialmente en contextos de masa o muchedumbre. La implantación progresiva de las Nuevas Tecnologías en la sociedad está haciendo que, cada vez más, se faciliten un mayor número de servicios mediante el ordenador. Algunos de estos servicios virtuales (chat, correo electrónico, foros, etc.) posibilitan que sus usuarios participen de forma multitudinaria y anónima. Esto ha suscitado el interés por investigar éste nuevo contexto de interacción social, donde pueden ponerse de manifiesto conductas de desindividuación. Ante esta nueva realidad social marcada por la comunicación mediada por ordenador, se presenta el modelo de Identidad Social de los fenómenos de Desindividuación (SIDE), como un modelo explicativo (normativo) y alternativo a las teorías tradicionales de la desindividuación.     

Robust multivariate Bayesian forecasting under functional distortions in the -metric

This paper investigates robustness of multivariate forecasting in the Bayesian framework. The minimax approach is used to construct robust statistical procedures under deviations from hypothetical assumptions. The deviations are defined as functional distortions using the χ²-pseudo-metric. Two cases of deviations are considered: distortions of parameter distribution and distortions of joint distribution of observations and parameters. Explicit forms for the guaranteed upper risk functional are obtained and integral equations for robust prediction statistics are given for both cases.     

‘Some Good Clean Fun’: Humour,Control and Subversion in an Advertising Agency

This article explores the relation between humour and control, drawing on participant observation in an organization in which humour was central to daily life. Keys is a leading advertising agency whose staff spent an unusually large amount of time sending humorous e‐mails. Examining these e‐mails in some depth, we unpack the role of humour in subverting various forms of control, including gender norms and managerial authority. We find the relation between humour, control and subversion to be ambiguous. Building upon current debates in organization studies, we develop the concept of humour based on our observations at Keys. Specifically, we argue that humour is always in excess of both control and subversion, a ‘nicely impossible’ object that cannot be captured. This article thus contributes to theoretical approaches on organizational humour, conceptualizing the concept of ‘newness’ through Judith Butler's re‐reading of Derridean différance and the Lacanian Real. In addition, we contribute a novel empirical account of the study of e‐mail list humour in a contemporary advertising firm.     

Les conditions de travail dans le secteur tourné vers l'exportation du nord du Maroc: du cadre juridique à l'expérience vécue

Les entreprises exportatrices de produits manufacturés et de services implantées dans le nord du Maroc se caractérisent par une grande flexibilité, une main‐d'?uvre sous pression, étroitement encadrée, et la remise en question de certains droits au travail. Les auteurs examinent cette situation à partir du modèle théorique de l'«économie mondiale localisée», en tenant compte du type de l'entreprise, de la branche d'activité et de la catégorie professionnelle. Ils montrent que la réforme du marché du travail de 2004, qui visait à rendre la réglementation marocaine conforme aux conventions internationales, a eu pour effet de renforcer encore la position des sociétés transnationales.     

Capacity Allocation among Multiple Suppliers in an Electronic Market

An electronic marketplace typically provides industrial suppliers an alternative option for selling their capacity in addition to the traditional open market. However, suppliers face different sets of costs and risks in open market and in electronic market. Consequently, suppliers participating in an electronic market are likely to offer their capacity at a different price compared with traditional open market. We analyze this problem and derive the price‐capacity function for the supplier. We also derive a basis for allocating buyer's requirements among multiple suppliers so as to minimize his cost. Our model shows that suppliers with large capacities would quote a lower price in the electronic market. It also predicts that the unit bid price increases with bid quantity in the electronic market. Based on the price‐capacity curve, we model a scenario where the buyer announces, a priori, the number of suppliers to be selected for award of a contract that will minimize its costs.     

论诈骗罪中的财产损害

诈骗罪的成立应以被害人已经或可能遭受财产损害为必要。财产损害是指整体的或实质上的经济损失,不是指特定财产的丧失。不应该把骗取财物的同时支付了相当价值财物的情形,当诈骗罪来处理。     

论苏门之立

苏门是北宋最为重要的文人群体之一。或云苏门之立“始于国事而不始于文事”,其实不然。从时间上说,它萌芽于熙丰而成立于元;从本质上来说,则苏门之立始于文学交谊而成于国事。从中可以看出它和新旧党争息息相关的一面。     

The 2022 Greek pension reform: The rebirth of carve-out privatization in Eastern Europe

After a decade of unprecedented austerity, Greece abruptly changed the course of pension consolidation in 2022 and implemented the controversial carve-out pension funding approach, whereby a portion of existing pay-as-you-go (PAYG) contributions are diverted to fund individual pension savings, thus undermining the financing of existing PAYG pensions. Although inspired by the World Bank’s 1994 pension privatization blueprint, the Greek 2022 reform features a major policy shift by entrusting the management of individual pension savings to a dedicated government body, ostensibly to try to remedy inherent market failures in private pension provision. Like earlier reforms in Eastern Europe, the multi-decade transition costs of carve-out funding have been vastly underestimated in Greece, which will give rise to fiscal distress in the coming years when annual transition costs become sizeable and favourable international financing terms start to change. Unless firm political commitment is established to implement the measures necessary to finance the transition costs, Greece may have to resort to reform reversals similar to those already implemented across Eastern Europe.