Participation of Mentally Disabled Persons in Experimental Research

Abstract

The need for persons adjudged incompetent is sometimes crucial to performing necessary research. However, this is a complicated proposition since the rights of mentally challenged persons must be protected. There is an acknowledged need to balance the objective requirements of scientific research with the rights and concerns of those who are the subjects of experimentation. This article discusses the role of social workers concerning the participation of mentally challenged persons in experimental research.     

透过斯诺登事件看美国政府监控制度

通过对美国政府所实施的电话元数据项目、棱镜项目和肌肉项目等政府监控项目的法律分析可以发现,这些监控项目所依据的法律规则的合宪性和合理性都值得反思。美国联邦最高法院在20世纪70年代创设的“第三方例外”规则,在当今信息技术背景下,已显得不合理。美国联邦立法机构在“911”事件后颁布的《爱国者法案》以反恐为借口,不恰当地扩张了政府实施监控的权力范围。美国立法机构应对政府监控进行改革,以维持国家安全与个人隐私之间的平衡。     

银行消费者隐私权保护的法律问题研究

在现代商业环境下,银行消费者的隐私权不同于传统民法意义上的隐私权,而其存在的财产方面的特殊性使得其成为易被侵犯的重点对象。在商事活动标准化、高效化的环境下,又使得这方面的侵权呈现大规模的特点。我国现行法律制度无法对银行消费者的隐私权进行有效的保护,传统的诉讼途径难以满足被侵权人的基本需求。而行政救济、行业监管、行业自律在相当程度上能够改善这种局面。     

Privacy with public access: digital memorials on quick response codes

Quick response (QR) codes on gravestones are a relatively new global phenomenon, and the actual number of them is unknown. The placement of a digital gateway on a physical stone is a new form of mediated middle region and a challenge to the classic public–private dichotomy, and this study discusses in detail the implications of the QR-coded gravestones. While some cemetery visitors might consider the gravestone and the digital content private, the visible QR code is also an invitation to the broader public in the shared physical space. Building on privacy as a contextualized matter, the business interests of gravestone makers as well as 30 Danish memorials are analyzed. In a general shift toward the digital in contemporary memorial culture and a growing tendency to online sharing of the emotionally important, QR codes on gravestones are but one example of the ongoing negotiations of privacy and sharing in our digital society.     

‘I don't have anything to hide,but … ': the challenges and negotiations of social and mobile media privacy for non-dominant youth

Drawing from interviews and focus groups with teens in a low-income and ethnically diverse high school in central Texas, this paper explores the unique social privacy challenges and strategies of low-income and non-dominant youth. Situating the research in a broader context in which non-dominant teens are increasingly surveilled, I demonstrate how teens manage social privacy in at least three ways. First, they negotiate liminal boundaries of what constitutes a communal or shareable mobile device, which are structured around financial constraints. Second, through nonuse, they actively resist the ways mobile and social media reconfigure social and physical spaces. Third, they deliberately use multiple platforms as a way to cope with evolving privacy settings, social norms, and technological affordances; this is a deliberate strategy intended to resist social convergence. Because low-income and non-dominant youth are increasingly surveilled by adults, peers, and institutions, it is imperative that they find spaces that afford greater freedom of expression, interest-based communities, and privacy.     

我国金融消费者隐私权保护机制的制度构建——以个人隐私信息保护为视角

金融消费者隐私权作为传统隐私权在金融消费领域的延伸,是金融消费者的一项非常重要的基本民事权利。由于在金融市场交易过程中消费者往往处于弱势地位,因此,在其与金融机构利益博弈的过程中,金融消费者的隐私权屡屡成为博弈的牺牲品。鉴于此,我国法律有必要对此加以规制。然而,我国目前金融消费者隐私权保护机制还存在诸多制度性缺失。为弥补相关制度性缺陷,将完善相关立法、构建有效的监督机制以及疏通权利救济路径三者有机结合起来,是今后解决该问题的必经之路。     

在线健康社区中用户隐私悖论行为影响因素研究

基于隐私计算理论和从众效应理论构建了在线健康社区隐私计算-从众效应隐私悖论模型,探究感知风险、感知收益、用户群体认同感和用户愉悦感等因素对用户隐私悖论行为的影响。研究表明,对平台的信任程度、社交性感知收益、用户群体认同感及用户愉悦感对隐私悖论行为的产生具有促进作用;隐私保护意识、实用性感知收益对于隐私悖论行为的产生没有显著影响。为此,用户应增强隐私保护意识,防范无意识泄露隐私行为;平台应采取措施强化用户隐私保护,提高用户社交性收益和信任度;管理部门应制定并完善隐私保护规章制度,强化宣传教育,从而促进在线健康社区良性发展。     

《民法典人格权编(草案)》有关“个人信息保护”的修改建议

围绕《中华人民共和国民法典人格权编（草案）》三审稿中 “个人信息保护”的相关内容提出修改和完善建议,内容涉及完善隐私和个人信息的定义、个人信息“处理”的内涵、个人信息保护的原则、自然人“更正权和删除权”的义务保障,以及个人信息（数据）法律关系的确认和个人信息“处理”的免责等问题。     

信息经济时代公民隐私权的保护

信息经济时代,网络技术的进步拓展了公民隐私权的内涵和外延,同时也对公民隐私权的保护产生了正反两方面的影响。网站、企业与网民个人都更易于借助网络技术侵犯他人隐私。应通过加强法制建设和行业自律,增强公民自我保护意识和建构网络伦理等方式有效保护信息时代公民的隐私权。     

突发公共卫生事件中患者隐私权保护机制探析

突发公共卫生事件所带来的社会恐慌、焦虑会使公众对于知情权的渴求进一步增大。如何在保障特殊时期公众知情权的前提下维护好患者隐私权从而稳定社会情绪,守护法治社会之基是值得探讨的问题。只有依法应“急”,依法防控,在维护社会公益的基础上充分尊重每一位患者人格隐私之利益,才能驭法治之利器克时局之多艰。