民法的哲思:以民法本位为研究视角

国内外民事实定法本位不断变迁。民法社会本位说多存疑问,所谓民法本位观,即近现代民法私主体权利本位论,则有经济、社会、政治、文化、人性等理论基础。民法本位即指民法的价值标准和中心任务,从一定意义上讲,民法本位就是民法最核心的价值,而民法原则则是民法本位价值取向的外载形式。以带有社会顾虑的私主体权利为本位构设中国民法典体系、原则、制度和具体规范是进化的理性的选择。     

和谐社会的基本机制、约束因素及其对策(上)

社会公平和价值认同是社会和谐的基本机制。历史、国际经验、理论史和人类近二百年的历史发展表明,社会差距和社会不平等在加剧,社会问题越来越突出,建设和谐、美好的社会是人类社会发展面临的迫切任务。在任何条件下,包括市场经济条件下,都不会存在绝对公平和公正,不合理的所有制结构和不恰当的市场运作将加剧社会不公平和社会不公正。政府公共服务是自工业革命,特别是19世纪以来人类应对市场经济带来的不公平和不公正而采取的积极措施,社会广泛参与公共服务使政府公共服务进一步发展和完善。到目前为止,完善市场体制,加强政府公共服务和推动公众最大限度参与社会事务是人类应对不平等加剧的最佳选择之一。规范市场,发挥政府的公共服务职能,鼓励全社会参与,是消除社会不平等差距的基本手段,任何单一的行动都不足以应对人类所面对的严峻挑战,也都不能实现构建和谐社会的目标。     

论物权的公示与公信原则

物权的公示是物权权利的公示 ,而不是通说所谓的物权变动行为的公示。同时 ,动产物权的公示方法是占有而不是交付 ,不动产物权的公示方法是登记簿而不是登记。物权一经公示 ,应产生公信力 ,以保护交易安全和善意第三人的利益。因此 ,在立法上 ,应当确立动产善意取得制度 (占有的公信力 )和不动产登记簿的公信力制度     

契约关系与诚信

中国道德传统中的诚信本于“天人关系” ,以天赋良知为基础 ,所展开的语境是纵向的义务服从关系。现代诚信本于“契约关系” ,所指向者是人、他人 ,所展开的语境是横向的权利平等关系。现代诚信以社会权利为基础 ,不是天赋良知的发现和实现 ,而是实实在在的现实利益 ,是个人利益的实现。现代诚信建设的基础是观念的变革和建设 ,核心是信用制度的建设 ,关键是公信建设。所以 ,现代诚信建设的基本任务是根据公民的平等的社会权利建构起相应的社会制度 ,并努力促进所有的社会公共机构在尊重公民社会权利的基础上实践其保障公民社会权利的公共职能。     

物业运作：从国家中分离出来的新公共空间——国家权力过度化与社会权利不足之间的张力

This investigation report mainly displays a new public space of property management with the characteristics of civil society, by analyzing a typical case--Qing Shui Yuan. The new public space has already separated from the state and is managed by both the state and the society together. Position-exceeding power of the state and deficient position-stimulated rights of the society result in the tension between the state and the society. Position-exceeding power is a pivotal perspective to interpret the relation between the state and the society.Instead of paying excessive attention to the institutional construction of civil rights, we should focus on how social rights stimulated by institutions and laws are turned into reality.     

全球化的伦理视角

全球化在世界经济、国际政治、全球文化等层面引发了一系列伦理问题。建立于多元文化主体之道德共识基础上的全球伦理有望为这些问题的化解提供必要的支持 ,而公民道德教育在全球伦理秩序的形成中将扮演极为重要的角色。     

元大都休闲文化景观研究

本文归纳了元代大都城市居民公共休闲活动地的类型,总结了当时北京休闲文化景观的特点。作者认为元代大都休闲空间格局的形成经历了两个阶段,城市休闲功能较前代明显增强。     

The SESS multisite collaborative research initiative: establishing common ground

Multidisciplinary intervention approaches are needed for meeting service needs for families in which substance abuse and mental health disorders may be interfering with child‐rearing. Experiences from the Starting Early Starting Smart (SESS) initiative, a 12‐site national collaborative investigation of integrating behavioural health services in early childhood and primary health care service settings for children aged 0–5 years and their families and caregivers, are described. This 4‐year applied research initiative was co‐funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration of the US Department of Health and Human Services and Casey Family Programs, a private operating foundation. SESS, which was developed and implemented in 12 geographically and culturally diverse cities in the USA during 1997–2001, encouraged federal, state, and local public/private partnerships. Opportunities and challenges in using an inclusive, consensus‐based, stakeholder model to maximize study relevance and utility for researchers, practitioners, and fiscal sponsors are discussed, and lessons for multidisciplinary, multisite research collaborations are identified.     

State socialism and the welfare state: a critique of two conventional paradigms

The post–war development of industrialised nations has been led by the idea of a welfare state. On the other hand, research on current and former communist states is still dominated by an age–old notion of 'state socialism'. This article provides a critical assessment of the two conventional paradigms by reviewing their implications within the historical and international contexts. By tracing its ideological roots and contrasting with the changing reality, it is argued that state socialism was misused in representing Marxist guidelines and is outdated in characterising the reforming socialist societies. By emphasising the experience of developing nations the article further challenges the welfare state as the paradigm for studying the general direction of a modern society. Attention is drawn to the study of a general public policy, and the economic state model is revisited for conceptualising the experience of a non–welfare state nation such as China.     

从艾森豪威尔到卡特：美国文官“高级行政职位”的建立

文章从勾勒美国建立文官高级行政职位的过程入手 ,比较了艾森豪威尔总统建议建立的“高级文官职位”、尼克松总统提出设立的“联邦行政职位”、卡特总统建立的“高级行政职位”的区别和共同点 ,分析了三位总统在改革美国文官制度方面成功和失败的原因。作者认为 ,美国“高级行政职位”的设立 ,实际上涉及到两个非常敏感的关系 ,即 :总统与高级文官之间的关系以及在这一关系背后发挥潜在影响的政治与行政的关系。“高级行政职位”(SES)的设立 ,无论是从行政或政治的角度 ,都加强了总统对文官的控制与监督