The differential impact of discrimination on health among Black and White women

Despite a large body of research examining the impact of discrimination on health, the ways in which perceived discrimination may lead to disparate health outcomes through a sense of self and system consciousness is less understood. The current paper is concerned with both mental and physical health consequences of discrimination, as well as mediating pathways among African American and White women. Indirect effects analyses examine mediating paths from discrimination to health outcomes via structural awareness and self-esteem, using data from the Women's Life Path Study (N = 237). Our findings suggest that discrimination is both directly and indirectly associated with health outcomes for both Black and White women, mediated by individual (self-esteem) and group-level (structural awareness) processes. Evidence from this study indicates that discrimination is associated with heightened structural awareness, as well as lower self-esteem – both of which are related to poorer health. Discrimination negatively affected health across three domains, although the mechanisms varied somewhat for Black and White women. Broad implications of this research for interdisciplinary scholarship on the effects of discrimination on health and health disparities are discussed.     

Living with an accent: a sociological analysis of linguistic strategies of immigrant youth in Canada

This research explores the cultural and linguistic strategies of immigrant youth to negotiate inclusion/exclusion, including language discrimination in Vancouver, Canada. My theoretical framework draws upon the Arendtian notions of ‘public space’, and ‘action and speech’ as well as Bourdieu’s concepts of ‘symbolic violence’ and ‘habitus’. My methodology is a critical qualitative approach. Fourteen immigrant youth, aged 15–25, were involved in this research. The findings of this study indicate that unlike second-generation immigrants, first-generation immigrant youth face cultural and linguistic challenges. Non-recognition of youths’ distinct linguistic and social capitals, the imposition of official languages and the regulation of the education and language market according to the dominant linguistic norms include forms of discrimination against Turkish minority youth in Canada. Taken together, the findings suggest that immigrant youths’ cultural and linguistic experiences of inclusion and exclusion cannot be dissociated from the wider politics of the nation-state, popular hegemony and social inequalities in the host society.     

Integration of immigrants in France: a historical perspective

This article seeks to identify the different factors that have facilitated or impeded the integration of immigrants in France from a historical perspective. Its aim is to shed light on the contemporary debates on the alleged failure of the republican integration model. First, we will show that – with the formation of the nation state – the integration of migrants was a constitutive element of the social cohesion of French society. Later, and during periods of xenophobia in particular, immigrants were classified according to their ability to assimilate into the French society. Since the 1970s, the double-barrelled integration question – concerning migrants and social cohesion – has reappeared. Within this context, the ‘colour-blind’ French republican model has been challenged, primarily from an economic perspective, not only by persistent social inequalities, but also, in its quintessence, by demands for cultural recognition. These factors have reinforced racial discrimination, the success of the populist extreme right and recurrent assimilation pressure.     

从“满汉”到“中西”:民初清遗民视野中的“华夷之辨”

“华夷之辨”是儒家文化核心观念,有种族之分和文化德性之分。清末满汉对立思潮崛起,强调基于种族之分的“华夷之辨”。辛亥鼎革后,清遗民一方面反对这种基于种族之分的“华夷之辨”,从文化德性之分的角度强调清朝统治的正统性,并且从金、元等历史资源中寻求支撑;另一方面,他们强调“君臣大义”的绝对性。与此同时,他们将民国后国内外的混乱皆归咎于西学,认为让世界久安之道必然还是“莫备于周孔”的中学,至此在他们视野中,中西夷夏地位逆转。清遗民的“华夷之辨”,从根本上说是一种政治上的君主制和文化上的保守主义合二为一的道德主义论述,虽然其与具体的历史语境已然“错置”,但作为一种文化思潮,还是对后来的文化保守主义有着重要的影响。     

Reducing Alcohol Abuse in Gay Men: Clinical Recommendations From Conflicting Research

ABSTRACT

Gay men entering the health care system present with unique needs essential for health care providers to comprehend and address. While data indicate mental health and substance abuse disorders are more prevalent among gay men compared with their heterosexual counterparts, the literature assessing abuse of alcohol by gay men is conflicting. This article explores the conflicting research examining the use and abuse of alcohol by gay men, common findings and themes among studies addressing the issue, the theoretical concepts of internalized homophobia and heterosexism as they relate to alcohol abuse, and clinical strategies providers can implement when encountering this issue among their gay male patients. This comprehensive assessment of the literature will also provide direction for future critical inquiries and outline ways to improve the current methods of inquiry.     

Screening designs for model discrimination

We introduce new criteria for model discrimination and use these and existing criteria to evaluate standard orthogonal designs. We show that the capability of orthogonal designs for model discrimination is surprisingly varied. In fact, for specified sample sizes, number of factors, and model spaces, many orthogonal designs are not model discriminating by the definition given in this paper, while others in the same class of orthogonal designs are. We also use these criteria to construct optimal two-level model-discriminating designs for screening experiments. The efficacy of these designs is studied, both in terms of estimation efficiency and discrimination success. Simulation studies indicate that the constructed designs result in substantively higher likelihoods of identifying the correct model.     

音乐人类学核心理念辨析

音乐人类学认为,音乐反映着文化价值,而且音乐也能引导改变文化方向的行动。音乐人类学学科建立以来,一直运用文化人类学的理论和方法对音乐进行研究,把一切音乐活动都看成是其研究对象。     

镕各方之材质,入吾学之型范——薛凤祚科学观探微

薛凤祚是明末清初著名的兼通中西并善于会通中西的科学家,他一生追求实用科学,在很多方面都有自己的独立创造.薛凤祚对于天文历算等方面的研究从"技"和"法"方面使中国传统科学发生了明显的改观;他所强调的理以数显、讲究实证的理性科学观具有近代科学的启蒙因素,使中西科学思想实现了初步的结合.同时,薛凤祚在关于水利学和命理学的理论与实践等方面,充分考虑到了人的因素和人的价值,是在更高的基础上对中国传统科技所特有的人文精神的阐发.但是,受传统的经世致用学术思想的影响,薛凤祚没有也不可能使近代中国引发一场科学革命,但其"镕各方之材质,入吾学之型范"的会通工作在近代科学中的地位及其对后人的启示是不可磨灭的.     

广告性别歧视的批判分析

从女性主义批判的角度,广告中存在着对女性性别歧视的倾向。从表象上看,广告把女性放在被看的位置,作为男性欲望的对象,从深层次分析则是男权意识对女性的拘役和占有,侵犯了女性人格的尊严和平等。