论航空飞行事故中责任人员的刑事因果关系

除去文化背景的差异，安全是航空公司每一名飞行人员共同的目标。飞行事故产生的原因很多，其中航空人员的人为原因占很大的比重。航空人员违反规章制度，致使发生重大飞行事故的情形应当追究相关航空人员的刑事责任。追究飞行事故中航空人员的刑事责任需要对飞行事故发生的各种原因在刑法意义上进行分析，然而客观联系的复杂性增加了认定因果关系的难度，这就要求对飞行事故发生的各种原因进行区分，以合理地认定航空人员的刑事责任。     

论法益判断法——一罪是行为犯或结果犯的判断标准

判断一罪是行为犯还是结果犯，具备理论与实务双重意义。从行为犯与结果犯之区别的通说中，可以提炼出一个重大启示：行为犯的行为本身必将侵害法益或有侵害法益的危险，无需通过结果来体现，但结果犯的行为本身无法体现侵害法益或有侵害法益的危险，必须通过结果或具体危险来体现。由此可创设法益判断法，以三个步骤来判断一罪是行为犯还是结果犯。     

Contesting Dominance and Performing Badness: A Micro‐Sociological Analysis of the Forms,Situational Asymmetry,and Severity of Street Violence

This article proposes two ideal types of street violence: contesting dominance and performing badness. These ideal types were used as heuristic devices in qualitative analyses of 159 violent interactions among Dutch youth, taken from judicial case files. These analyses revealed that over half of the interactions resembled the contesting dominance type. Here, opponents engage in sequences of challenges and provocations to aggressively establish a domineering self; attackers purposively looked for or arranged confrontations that revolved around the issue of who is superior per se. The performing badness type was found in 30% of the cases. This is one‐sided violence in which attackers humiliate and toy with their victims to display their power and meanness. The relationships between these forms of violence, situational asymmetry (weak victims and supportive groups) and severity of the violence were analyzed statistically. Contesting dominance was associated with more severe violence, resulting from the greater amount of confrontational tension. Situational asymmetry was the rule in both forms of violence. The difference between the size of the attackers’ supportive group and that of the victims turned out to be especially important. The larger the difference, the more severe the violence in general, but especially in contesting dominance.     

Sexual Abuse in Cameroon: A Four-Year-Old Girl Victim of Rape in Buea Case Study

A young girl was brought to the emergency unit after suffering sexual abuse by an older male. Additional abuses against women and girls include physical beating, forced marriage, female genital mutilation, breast ironing, widow’s rites, psychological abuse, and discrimination in education, finance, employment, and legal access. Cameroon has adopted strategies aimed at eliminating violence against women, including ratification of international policies, penal codes, and support of local and international efforts that promote women; however, many of the laws remain in name only and are rarely enforced, given women’s lack of financial access to quality lawyers and an unsympathetic male-dominated police force. Underreporting and culturally accepted abuses remain a challenge, too, as the country seeks to understand the extent of abuses and how to effectively fight against them. A complete paradigm shift in cultural attitude toward the female gender is required for abuses to cease.     

混合主体共同受贿犯罪相关问题探索

文章对于共同受贿行为的基本特征进行概述,在分析各种学说的基础上提出自己的主张,研究共同受贿行为中的混合主体,即非国家工作人员在犯罪构成中的地位问题,以期对非国家工作人员参与受贿案件的处理提供抛砖引玉之见,从而更好地构建中国特色社会主义法律体系。     

论非法占有目的在合同诈骗罪认定中的作用

合同诈骗罪是指以非法占有为目的,在签订履行合同过程中,骗取对方当事人财物数额较大的行为。它的本质在于利用合同进行诈骗,诈骗是在非法占有目的支配下的欺诈,非法占有不等于不法所有。合同的效力、欺诈行为和非法占有目的在合同诈骗罪的认定中起着重要的作用,而关键在于非法占有目的。在合同有效的情况下,行为人收受对方财物之后才产生非法占有目的并实施了欺诈行为的,可能产生违约责任或者构成侵占罪,但在对方给付财物之前,即产生非法占有目的并实施了欺诈行为的,则可能构成诈骗犯罪。同理,在合同无效的情况下,行为人可能构成侵占罪或者诈骗犯罪。合同诈骗与合同欺诈的区别在于有无非法占有目的,合同诈骗罪与一般诈骗行为的区别在于骗取财物是否数额较大,合同诈骗罪与金融诈骗罪存在一定的法条竞合关系,合同诈骗罪与侵占罪的区别在于非法占有目的产生于占有他人财物之前还是之后。     

论介绍贿赂罪

介绍贿赂罪为贿赂犯罪的居间中介行为,通常有介绍行贿和介绍受贿两种形式,其侵犯的客体为国家工作人员职务行为的不可交易性,贿赂的实现为其既遂的标准,认定时应注意区分本罪与一般介绍贿赂行为、经济中介行为、其他贿赂罪以及一罪与数罪的界限。学界对本罪虽有保留与取消之争,但就现实情形而言,情节严重的介绍贿赂行为独立成罪仍有存在的价值。     

试论妨碍信用犯罪的立法完善

妨碍信用,通常是指在商业活动中违背诚实信用原则,破坏、毁损、背弃诚实信用,具有欺诈性的行为。我国刑法对妨碍信用犯罪规定的缺陷和不足主要体现在两个方面:一是对妨碍信用犯罪的主体限制过窄;二是对妨碍信用犯罪的行为方式规定的比较单一。妨碍信用犯罪的立法完善模式,可以采取增设新罪的办法,将之纳入刑法分则第三章第八节的扰乱市场秩序罪中。     

关于洗钱犯罪行为的几个问题

洗钱犯罪是一种严重的国际犯罪 ,越来越引起国际社会的广泛关注。本文概述了洗钱犯罪的一般特征及有关国家的反洗钱立法 ,并着重于我国的反洗钱立法 ,提出了对洗钱犯罪的几点对策     

中国刑法对刑事责任年龄规定的立法缺陷与完善

1997年10月1日中国新刑法典开始实施,其中刑法典第17条对中国自然人犯罪主体的刑事责任年龄作了规定.首先,笔者分析相对无责任年龄阶段的立法缺陷,并提出了自己的意见,以解决法律条文表达不清、法学者有争论的问题.其次,笔者对绝对无责任年龄阶段的年龄提出了新看法,把中国刑法典规定的负刑事责任年龄从14周岁降低到13周岁.最后,笔者对新刑法典第17条的规定提出了全面的修改意见.这样,不但使刑法典第17条的法条表达清楚,而且有利于指导司法实践.