康德先天图式与认识论革命

康德自称在认识论上发动了“哥白尼式革命”,但他的论断名不符实。在笔者看来,认识论上的大革命始于对康德先天认知结构思想的否定,终于对它的否定之否定,而这一工作是由历代马克思主义者逐步完成的:他们应用历史的、实践的、辩证的观点,首先解决了认识的基础、能动性与矛盾性的问题,发现了认识运动的宏观规律,继而解决了先天认知结构和后天认知结构的关系问题,进一步揭示了认识活动的微观规律,最终完成了康德带头发动而无力推进的认识论变革与创新的伟大任务。     

The likelihood ratio test for homogeneity in finite mixture models

The authors study the asymptotic behaviour of the likelihood ratio statistic for testing homogeneity in the finite mixture models of a general parametric distribution family. They prove that the limiting distribution of this statistic is the squared supremum of a truncated standard Gaussian process. The autocorrelation function of the Gaussian process is explicitly presented. A re‐sampling procedure is recommended to obtain the asymptotic p‐value. Three kernel functions, normal, binomial and Poisson, are used in a simulation study which illustrates the procedure.     

Ability vs Background: An Analysis of the Distribution Mechanism of Higher Education Enrolment Opportunities

Individual education performance is usually influenced jointly by ability and background (family background). The relative share of these two factors forms the basic grounds for judgments of educational equity. Using sheaf coefficients, we compare the influence of these two mechanisms on the distribution of access to regular first degree higher education opportunities for institutions at different levels. Our findings show that both ability and family background have a marked influence. The higher the level of the institution, the greater the ability demanded of its students. The effect of family also increases significantly at this level, but ability always has a much stronger influence than family background. It can be seen that though family background is influential in the distribution of higher education opportunities in China today, ability fundamentally remains the dominant criterion, embodying the classic features of a meritocratic society “open to talent.”     

The Extremal Dependence Measure and Asymptotic Independence

Abstract

Extremal dependence analysis assesses the tendency of large values of components of a random vector to occur simultaneously. This kind of dependence information can be qualitatively different than what is given by correlation which averages over the total body of the joint distribution. Also, correlation may be completely inappropriate for heavy tailed data. We study the extremal dependence measure (EDM), a measure of the tendency of large values of components of a random vector to occur simultaneously and show consistency of an estimator of the EDM. We also show asymptotic normality of an idealized estimator in a restricted case of multivariate regular variation where scaling functions do not have to be estimated.     

Estimation for a first-order bifurcating autoregressive process with heavy-tail innovations

Asymptotics of an alternative extreme-value estimator for the autocorrelation parameter in a first-order bifurcating autoregressive (BAR) process with non-gaussian innovations are derived. This contrasts with traditional estimators whose asymptotic behavior depends on the central part of the innovation distribution. Within any BAR model, the main concern is addressing the complex dependency between generations. The inability of traditional methods to handle this dependency motivated an alternative procedure. With the combination of an extreme-value approach and a clever blocking argument, the dependency issue within the BAR process was resolved, which in turn allowed us to derive the limiting distribution for the proposed estimator through the use of regular variation and non-stationary point processes. Finally, the implications of our extreme-value approach are discussed with an extensive simulation study that not only assesses the reliability of our proposed estimate but also presents the findings for a new estimator of an unknown location parameter θ and its implications.     

可换群的结构

本文通过研究完整子半群来确定可换群的结构，主要结果：Ⅰ若T是可换群G的完整子半群，则T是阿基米德的当且仅当T的极大完整子半群．ⅡG是可换群，T∈Γ（G），则T是特殊的当且仅当，Ⅲ可换群G∈Jω∩Js，若{ST1，ST2…，STr}，是一个Δ的一个浅显序子集，则以下等价：（1）=E0（2）{T1，T2，…，Tn}是Γ（G）的一个极大浅显序子集.（3）Γ（G）的每一条根包含唯一的Ti.（4）G是每一个拯小完整子半群包含唯一的STi.     

中国体育史学史研究管窥

体育史学史作为一门新兴交叉学科,主要研究体育史学自身发展的历史。我国体育史学史研究涉及众多学科门类,形成了以体育学和历史学为主线,以哲学、经济学、管理学、社会学等学科为辅助的综合化研究理路。论及中国体育史学史研究的中心论题,这既来源于对我国体育史发展不平衡的归因分析,也涉及体育史学史建构的基本问题。我国体育有没有自身运动发展的历史脉络,关键在于探讨体育史学史研究命题缘起问题;我国体育的实践禀性是否拥有史学的居所,重点在于围绕中国体育史学史归属作出研判;当前体育学科发展史能否代表体育史全部,任务在于观瞻中国体育史学史的发展前景。     

论现代汉字及汉字教育

近些年来 ,有些学者主张将“五四”以后的汉字离析出来 ,称之为“现代汉字” ,并以它们为研究对象建立现代汉字学。从汉字发展演变和纯文字学的角度来看 ,“五四”前后的汉字并无质的不同 ,将“五四”以后的汉字单独离析出来 ,称之为“现代汉字” ,理由不够充分 ;而作为“现代汉字学”研究对象的“现代汉字” ,应该包括汉字楷书全部发展阶段中的所有楷书字形 ,这也是现代汉字教育的重要任务     

初等几何中的循环论证剖析

循环论证是学生在学习初等几何时经常犯的逻辑错误，本文用形式逻辑理论作了剖析，并阐述了高师院校学生学点逻辑知识的必要性。     

试论性质命题主、谓项周延性的量词方法

性质命题主、谓项周延性“含糊”的问题如何解决,产生过表解法、图例法、与欧拉圈分析法等等.文章在诸多方法之外,提出了性质命题的量词方法,并阐述了量词方法的特征、规则及运用方式.