政府主导下的土地流转与产业发展及就业的关联机制——天津近郊地区农村集体建设用地流转实践与启示

天津近郊的小城镇建设过程中,农村集体建设用地流转虽然是在政府主导下进行的,但当地自身经济发展水平和农民生活方式的改变是政府推动土地流转的基础和前提；政府则通过对土地的整合及重新规划,推动了当地的产业结构调整和产业水平提升,也加快了农民身份的转变,并为失地农民提供了相应的就业机会和社会保障.农村集体土地的流转是地区产业结构升级和农民就业转型的需要,而政府主导的土地流转可以更好地促进当地产业结构的演化升级和农民的就业转型.     

探寻中国特色的养老居住模式——紧凑型居住模式研究

以我国社会现阶段存在的人口老龄化加剧和土地资源紧张的问题为研究背景，对紧凑型概念进行诠释和相关理论研究进行解读。从传统的围合式院落和东西向住宅的角度出发，提出了一种适合我国现阶段国情的紧凑型的养老居住模式，并对这种模式的整体布局、单体方案和可行性进行了深入探讨，并对其中服务对象的范围进行了界定。以期达到节约土地资源、改善居住环境、延续中国传统文化、提高老年人的居住质量的目的。     

Practitioners' experiences and perceptions of investigating allegations of institutional abuse

This article is based upon an exploratory study of practitioners' experiences of investigating allegations of institutional child abuse (Barter, 1998). The research involved interviewing all NSPCC child protection practitioners and managers in England or Wales who had been involved in an investigation between 1994 and 1996. Overall, 41 interviews were undertaken and details from 36 investigation reports were analysed. The research found that many professionals perceived these kinds of investigations as being particularly difficult and problematic, especially in respect to maintaining independence, determining the remit and scope of inquiry and ensuring the provision of adequate and appropriate support. The lack of agreed guidelines and protocols, particularly in relation to post‐substantiation procedures, made these investigations especially challenging. In addition, participants also identified a range of factors that differentiated these forms of investigations from intra‐familial ones, including discretion in child‐rearing practices, the irrelevance of mitigating circumstances and the extent of administrative culpability. A number of tentative recommendations based on the research findings are presented which seek to ensure that investigations are undertaken in the most sensitive and appropriate manner possible. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

农民集中居住区文化治理实践逻辑研究———以豫北 N 社区为例

基于文化治理理论分析框架以豫北 N 社区为例,从乡土文化延续和公共文化嵌入两个维度系统阐述农民集中居住区文化治理的实践逻辑。 首先,作为自治型自我治理机制的乡土文化延续,通过乡土文化的历史延续和民间信仰的乡土传承,有效应对了社会空间转型和文化空间消失导致的本体性不安和个体化焦虑,从而实现了社会空间的文化自治理;其次,作为他治型行政治理机制的公共文化嵌入,通过公共文化服务体系重构和“文化下乡冶实现了社区文化公共领域和社会生活公共空间重构,并基于隐性技术运作的柔性治理再生产出国家—农民关系的施恩回报逻辑,从而促进社会生活共同体的形成,最终奠定了国家政权合法性的社会基础;最后,社区公共意识匮乏和认同感缺失正是当前社区文化无法有效发挥引领作用的重要原因,因此,唯有通过自治和他治的机制衔接,形成乡土社会本土文化与现代公共文化的功能耦合,才能真正能实现文化治理、政治治理和经济治理的多元善治。     

Displaced and segregated: The socio-economic status of the second generation of internally displaced Palestinians in Israel

This study investigates the effects of displacement on the socio-economic status of second-generation Palestinian internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Israel. The results show that members of this group do not differ from non-displaced Palestinians in their educational or occupational attainment, but that displaced households experience higher rates of poverty and poorer housing conditions than non-displaced households. I find that the relationship between displacement and the prime indicators of social mobility—education and jobs—was weakened by three factors: extreme spatial segregation between Palestinians and Jews, the concentration of disadvantage among Palestinian IDPs within the host communities, which were Palestinian spaces, and a high level of dependence on resources concentrated in Jewish spaces among all Palestinians, not just IDPs. These three conditions, however, do not eliminate gaps in assets and land ownership between IDPs and non-displaced Palestinians, which, I argue, contribute to higher poverty rates among displaced households.     

The experiences of carers in using shared activities to communicate with looked‐after young people about alcohol,tobacco, and drug use

Parental conversations with their teenage children about alcohol, tobacco, and drugs are associated with lower rates of use. Looked‐after young people are at greater risk of early initiation, higher rates of use, and more problematic use. However, there is no evidence regarding whether these conversations occur in settings where the parental role is assumed by someone other than the biological parent. The aim of the study was to examine how carers communicate with looked‐after young people about alcohol, tobacco, and drug use. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 16 residential care staff and foster carers in Scotland. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Participants talked about “shared doing” as a way of building relationships and communicating about substance use. Shared doing encompassed particular activities that carers and young people would do together, such as driving in the car, cooking, watching TV, and going for a walk. Shared doing provided an opportunity to spend time together and to create an environment in which communication could be facilitated. These environments were shaped by space, time, and context. Carers should be encouraged to take advantage of the time‐limited occasions they are with young people to have conversations about substance use.     

Social Capital and Residential Decision Making Among Rural and Nonrural College Graduates

Due to the low demand for highly educated workers in rural areas, high‐achieving rural students have been portrayed as having to pick between staying close to home and facing limited economic opportunities or leaving to pursue higher education and socioeconomic advancement. But what of those who want both—college degree and return to rural living? Comparing the experiences of rural graduates who returned to rural locales with those who out‐migrated and nonrural graduates across one predominantly rural state, this study explores how social capital matters in the residential decision‐making process. Proximity to work and family were the primary factors determining adult residence. Sense of place—but not attachment to a specific community—also mattered, especially for rural graduates. Family, school, and community social capital were more likely to play a role in career development for rural students, as career aspirations during adolescence followed by career‐driven college choices created pathways for rural return. Findings underscore the importance of analyzing rural return from a regional lens, as respondents reframed lifestyle elements researchers tend to portray as mutually exclusive—rural lifestyle, proximity to family, and professional career—as compatible by employing broad and flexible definitions of proximity and place.     

Initial reflections and learning from the development and delivery of staff consultations in an innovative residential childcare pathway

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the development of staff consultation in the context of an innovative residential childcare pathway within a local authority in the United Kingdom. A preceding attempt to develop group consultations in residential homes has been expanded upon and enhanced as part of implementing a broader therapeutic residential service model. A wide-ranging training programme and consultations have been developed for residential childcare workers to introduce and embed therapeutic ideas. Systemic therapy and attachment theory ideas have been used explicitly through exploring with staff how these approaches can inform practice, and implicitly by providing a framework of consultation to inform and expand individual and team thinking. Promoting reflective practice through group consultations has highlighted complex challenges, stimulating opportunities as well as a need to consider multiple levels of context. Recommendations from this learning are discussed to help inform practice in new and existing residential services.     

论传统民居文化与现代住宅设计

中国传统居住所包涵的丰富环境空间章法及文化,为现代居住环境的创造提供了有借鉴价值东西,并为现代住宅的设计寻找到新的方法。     

城市居住隔离的危害及出路探寻

居住隔离是我国城市居住空间在当前市场机制作用下的一种不可避免的现象。从居住隔离的概念、产生的原因、潜在的危害等方面展开了分析,提出防止居住隔离扩大化、构建和谐的居住空间的对策建议。