“Touching up” Communal Space of a Residential Home Setting: A Comparative Study of Tools for Assessing Changes in the Interior Architectural Space

This study focuses on the interior remodeling of two Swedish residential homes for dependent seniors. A regular maintenance operation was turned into a color intervention project, and the residents stayed during the process. The aim of the study was to assess the changes in terms of supportiveness for elderly individuals with cognitive or functional impairments. The settings were evaluated prior to and after remodeling. Architecture profession method and the Therapeutic Environment Screening Survey of Nursing Homes instrument were used. The conclusion is that a supportive architecture was not achieved, due to a restraining focus on color instead of the relation between aging, color, and homeliness. On the other hand, the architecture profession method and the Therapeutic Environment Screening Survey of Nursing Homes instrument proved to be useful complementary tools for assessing interior changes in architectural space.     

A Good Death for Residents of Long-Term Care

Abstract

Little research has been done on the topic of end-of-life care in long-term care settings to identify important themes regarding end-of-life care structures, processes, and outcomes. This study utilized data gathered in a stratified, random sample of 437 family members of residents who died in 31 nursing homes (NHs) and 199 residential care/assisted living facilities. Structural components of care including staffing adequacy, training, and consistence as well as facility environment and size were important factors for family members interviewed. “Being there” and manner of care delivery (e.g., staff attitudes/empathy) were major elements in the process of care. These factors were mentioned more than direct care, Hospice, or resident preferences. Family members identified themes of [dying at] home and being comfortable and clean as important outcomes of care. These identified structural components, processes, and outcomes have implications for the role of social workers in these settings despite that social work support is notably absent in these findings.     

西藏生态宜居空间的选择与人居智慧

早在上万年前藏族先民就不畏艰难险阻,在雪域高原进行各种活动,并寻觅适合人居的生态空间,建立了早期的聚落。生态居住环境的营造是藏民族人居智慧的重要体现,藏民族面对的第一个难题是生态宜居空间的选择。藏民族生态宜居空间的选择宗旨是以人为本,尊重自然,与自然协调和谐相处。西藏早期先民对生态宜居空间的选择表现在以下两个方面：一是临水而居与生态宜居空间的选择,西藏一江两河（雅鲁藏布江、拉萨河、年楚河）是西藏城市文明的发祥地,最早的部落和氏族所建立的小邦及早期城市就主要集中分布在该流域;二是依山而建与生态宜居空间的营建,藏族先民在城市聚落选址方面不仅重视宏观区位的选择,同时也高度重视微观地理空间的选择,充分考虑其自然地理环境因素,特别对气温、降水、季风等高原气候特点的考虑。因此可以说,顺应自然、因地制宜,是西藏人民在长期的实践经验中总结出来的建筑理念和选址经验。     

城市老小区居民自治及其小区组织化——对X小区安全自治实践及其社区治理基础的思考

小区是社区的基础,小区组织化是小区自治的基础,也是社区居民自治的基础。小区组织化与社区组织化存在着差异。X小区十年间三次引进物业管理公司开展市场化运作,前两次都失败了,第三次获得了成功。考察失败的原因和成功的经验都在于小区组织体系是否完善及运行状况是否良好。通过组织化,把居民参与社区建设纳入组织体系,在组织化过程中让居民接受社区建设教育,逐步形成社区建设的新文化、新传统,才是社区建设的通途。实践和研究发现：小区组织力量是发现、培育和积累的过程,小区组织化需要相应的社区治理理念建设,小区组织化是多元主体共同努力的过程和结果,小区组织化发展要抓住时机和注重策略。     

户籍改革背景下农村宅基地退出机制研究

户籍改革背景下,引导农民自愿有序退出空闲宅基地对于提高农村土地利用效率、推进新型城镇化建设具有重要意义。来自安徽省农村的调查结果显示,具备退地条件的农户越来越多,但愿意退出的较少。究其原因,宅基地使用权制度承载的复杂功能形成外部障碍,无偿取得与无期限使用导致农户退地缺乏外在压力,低标准补偿抑制了农户退地的内在动力,退出机制缺失对农户退地造成现实困难。需统筹城乡社会保障,回归宅基地使用权的用益物权权能,以破除农民退地的外部障碍,提高农民退地的积极性;通过完善宅基地使用权制度和建构合理的宅基地退出机制,为宅基地退出提供制度约束和可行路径。     

居住小区建成环境对住宅用电量的影响研究——以天津生态城为例

系统揭示建成环境对住宅用电量的影响机理对于构建低碳城市具有重要意义.以天津生态城为研究对象,基于23个居住小区样本和14016个住宅样本,运用多元线性回归模型分析了建成环境各要素对住宅用电量的影响,揭示了建成环境对住宅用电量的影响程度和机理,并从开发密度、户型设计、空间布局、开敞空间提出了有利于降低住宅用电量的建成环境优化策略.     

An exploration of the differential usage of residential childcare across national boundaries

The use of residential placements for children needing out‐of‐home care remains controversial. This article considers the discourse of ‘residential’ and ‘institutional’ care before describing, mainly through administrative data sources, the wide variations in group‐care usage in different jurisdictions. In some countries, its use is minimal, with foster care, kinship care and in some cases, adoption being the preferred options. This is not so in other countries where a high percentage of children in care are in residential placements. There is also diversity in the type of residential services, ranging from small group homes to large institutions. The challenges inherent in making process and outcome comparisons across national boundaries are explored. The authors concur with those who argue for more systematic ways of describing and analysing the aims and characteristics of residential settings. Only then can meaningful comparisons be made between outcomes from group‐care regimes in different jurisdictions.     

恩施市居住小区景观评析

通过对恩施三个典型的居住小区进行实测、调查、分析,对一些小区存在的问题进行探讨,从环境要素及其布局出发,根据环境景观的美学特征、大众的审美取向和当地城市居民的生活习惯对居住小区的景观进行客观的评价,进而对恩施市居住小区景观设计提出了：加大公共设施的建设力度;提高中心活动区的绿化率;充分利用地形处理景观;加强垂直绿化和屋顶绿化;加大水景建设等建议。     

Participation of youth in decision‐making procedures during residential care: A narrative review

Participation in decision‐making procedures of young people in care is considered a key element that affects their current or future living circumstances and might improve the quality of decision‐making on and delivery of provided services. This narrative literature review, covering the period 2000–2016, focuses on the opportunities of young people to participate, the challenges and facilitators to participation, and the outcomes of care related to participation. Sixteen studies met our search criteria. Several studies show that young people seem to have limited possibilities to “meaningful” participation in decision‐making. Various challenges and facilitators in the participation process emerge with regard to the level of the young person, the professional, and the (sociocultural) context. None of the studies provides evidence for a connection between the “amount” of youth participation in decision‐making and/or treatment during the care process and the outcomes of residential care. Implications for research and practice are reflected upon.