浅析住宅小区环境景观设计

住宅小区环境景观的基本要求应以人为本,为住户提供舒适宜人的生活环境,在环境景观设计中,既要考虑小区个性特色,又必须从地理位置、经济利益、社会需求等多角度进行综合平衡,以达到最佳效果。     

Household and economic factors associated with geographic and school mobility among low-income children

Child poverty has been shown to have lifelong consequences, and several policy interventions have sought to alleviate its effects. However, federal school policy insufficiently addresses ‘out of school’ factors, including high rates of residential and school mobility among poor students. The detrimental effects of school mobility on achievement and classroom behavior have been well documented, but the literature on the household dynamics associated with residential and school mobility among the poor is limited. This study uses detailed administrative data from Oregon's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program to provide more information on residential and school mobility among low-income children of early elementary school age. Changes in household composition, income, employment, residential address, and school catchment were analyzed over several years to measure the relationship between mobility and household dynamics. We find that Oregon children from low-income families have high rates of residential and school mobility and that family dynamics rather than economic opportunity appear to increase the probability of moving. We offer several policy recommendations in light of the findings.     

Learning basic employability competence: a challenge for the active labour insertion of adolescents in residential care in their transition to adulthood

The teaching of basic employability competence from a very early age is of preventive value in the transition of young people in residential care to adulthood. The present research relates employability competence (finding and holding down a job and gaining promotion in the labour market) with positive career outcomes and employment opportunities. In this study, conceptual methods for understanding employability are analysed and some existing international studies of employability skills are reviewed, although all of these are deemed partial approaches to the needs of children and young people in residential care. Our proposal, the IARS (Infancia y Adolescencia en Riesgo Social [Children and Young People at Social Risk]) Employability Competence Framework, developed by means of a collaborative and integrated approach with experts, provides a complete picture of how employability competences are important for preparing young people in residential care not only for active labour insertion but also in terms of their comprehensive development. A selection of a cluster of eight employability competences (self-organisation, decision-making and problem-solving, teamwork, communication, perseverance, professional project development, flexibility and responsibility) and their components are presented, as well as its educational implications within children's homes.     

Residential proximity of parents and their adult offspring in the United Kingdom, 2009–10

Using data from a large household survey representative of the UK population, we studied how closely parents and adult children live to each other. We show that residential mobility over the life course tends to increase with the physical distance between the homes of parent and child. There are large differences in intergenerational proximity between the foreign-born and UK-born, and between ethnic groups. The determinants of intergenerational proximity from the parent's viewpoint are not identical to those from the child's viewpoint. Contrary to the findings of some earlier studies, intergenerational proximity, from the child's viewpoint, does not vary with the number of siblings. But from the parent's viewpoint, having more children is unambiguously associated with a higher probability of living close to at least one child. We end with a brief discussion of some possible implications of several long-term demographic trends in the UK for intergenerational proximity.     

娘家与亲家：城市居民小区良性治理关系的生成机制研究

维权范式是小区治理关系研究的主流范式,业主维权被视为小区治理关系改善的“革命性”路径。X小区“娘家-亲家”关系模式的“过程-事件”分析表明：社会、市场、政府主体的不同行为逻辑及其张力,是小区良性治理关系能否生成的关键影响因素。制度、结构、资本是克服逻辑张力,进而生成良性治理关系的“建设性”因子。制度、结构、资本之间互构并共构为一个紧密联系的有机系统。制度体系完善、治理结构优化、治理资本提升,是城市居民小区治理关系改善乃至小区“善治”努力的方向。     

城市空间绩效视角下的居住分异对策研究--以连云港市中心城区为例

当前,由于对城市空间绩效认识不足,导致居住分异现象愈演愈烈。以城市空间绩效与居住分异的关系为基点,分析了城市用地功能对偶互补、区位红利、边际替代、空间分割、路径依赖等机制对居住分异的影响,结合实例,提出优化城市空间结构,提高土地边际替代;积极探索智慧城市设施配置;坚持协同规划,发展城郊产业,促进职住平衡等对策,并进行展望。     

韩国“新村运动”的成功经验、启示及借鉴

中韩两国同属人多地少国家,具有相似的文化背景,而且韩国在推进和实现国家工业化、城市化和现代化进程中,遇到的诸多社会问题与我国目前遇到的社会问题极为相似,所以本文在分析韩国新村运动的成功经验的基础上,提出韩国“新村运动”对解决“三农”问题和十六届五中全会通过《中共中央关于限制国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议》新农村建设的启示和借鉴。     

建国以来我国城市土地利用状况及其演变趋势

城市土地利用状况是城市经济社会发展的物质反映。城市化的不同阶段,城市土地空间呈现不同的用地特征。回顾建国以来不同时期我国城市土地利用经历的一系列复杂深刻的变迁,探讨变迁的原因,以期形成对于我国城市土地利用问题和发展趋势的深刻认识。     

城镇化对生活碳排放影响的门槛特征与地区差异

对中国各地区居民生活中的直接化石能源消费所产生的二氧化碳排放量进行估算,然后基于动态面板门槛模型对城镇化与生活碳排放之间的非线性关系进行研究。研究发现:1生活碳排放与城镇化之间关系存在门槛效应,门槛效应依据收入的差异来体现。当收入小于门槛值时,城镇化对生活碳排放的影响为正;当收入越过门槛值时,城镇化对生活碳排放的影响为负。2当期生活碳排放受上期生活碳排放的影响,具有显著的时间依赖性,生活碳排放与收入之间存在正U型曲线关系。3各地区城镇化发展对生活碳排放的影响存在显著的地区差异。     

Implementing a Point‐Based Rewards System as an Educational Tool in Children's Home: From Standardisation to Coconstruction and Negotiation

From a wider educational ethnography, we analysed the implementation of a point‐based reward system as an educational tool in a Spanish children's home. This is examined within a policy and ideological framework strongly influenced by Evidence‐Based Practice, Standardization and New Public Management. The findings show, first, how this system relied on a balance between greater use of standard tools and the experience of the managers; second, how, in practice, basic procedures regarding the system's rigour and objectivity were altered; and third, how the ratings given to evaluate children were very often coconstructed and influenced by broader individual, social and institutional processes.