Residential institutions requesting supervision: a theoretical analysis of an empirically studied problem

This study was based on vague but persistent problems of uncertain origin permeating treatment and care in Swedish residential institutions treating emotionally disturbed and socially disadvantaged children. The purpose was to generate a reliable, empirically grounded theory, sufficient to describe and explain these problems, which were first observed in supervisory sessions. The main methods used were grounded theory ( Glaser & Strauss 1967 ; Strauss & Corbin 1990 , 1998 ) and abduction ( Peirce 1914/1990 ; Fann 1970 ; Josephson & Josephson 1996 ). During a three-year period, 17 respondents from three strategically chosen institutions were individually interviewed twice. The results suggest that artificial family institutions , enjoying family privileges , may develop out of family ideas . Under certain conditions, such institutions may be transformed into non-professional institutions that fail to carry out their official task, but that instead effect unconscious psychological tasks – tasks that are both hidden behind and obstruct the institution's official mission. The possibility of avoiding this development is dependent partly on the quality of the emotional content, called the need for reparation , within the institution, and partly on the methods used to control this need. This notion was tested in practice in a separate part of the study in which the method action-cum-research ( Trankell 1973 ) was used. One of the studied institutions was then observed for two years during a process of planned change in organization, treatment routines and attitudes. After two years, the final resistance to the official task had disappeared, and the former non-professional institution now worked in a task-orientated manner. This result has broad implications for planning and support of care institutions, as the same phenomena might arguably occur in any care organization.     

以"城中村"改造为抓手加快新农村建设步伐

在深入调查研究基础上,从9个方面论述了撤村建居和"城中村"改造的基本情况以及所带来的喜人变化。为进一步推进城乡一体化进程,提出了以"城中村"为抓手,认真落实好"同城待遇"问题,确保城市建设资金落实到位,妥善落实外来务工人员住宿问题和进一步推动城市化发展步伐等四个举措。     

Do depressive symptoms in justice‐involved girls reduce the effects of a cognitive‐behavioral program on their disruptive and delinquent behaviors?

The present study evaluated the effects of a cognitive‐behavioral program on disruptive and delinquent behaviors among a sample of adolescent girls placed in a residential center in Quebec (Canada). This study also investigated the moderating impact of depressive symptoms on program effectiveness. The study used a quasi‐experimental design to allow comparisons between 104 girls in the treatment group and 78 girls in the comparison group over 18 months. Findings showed that the program contributed significantly, albeit modestly, to a decline in some forms of disruptive/delinquent behaviors. Results also indicated that girls with a higher level of depressive symptoms at admission also reported higher involvement in a myriad of disruptive/delinquent behaviors and that for some types of problem behaviors, this higher involvement persisted over time. In general, however, the seriousness of the depressive symptoms that the girls reported at admission did not interfere with the effectiveness of the cognitive‐behavioral program.     

Longing to belong: children in residential care and their experiences of peer relationships at school and in the children's home

Resilience literature has stressed the potential of both children's educational experiences and their friendships to act as protective factors against adversity. However, less is known about how children living with adversity navigate these ‘everyday’ aspects of social terrain and the particular challenges that they face. This paper explores the meaning and experience of peer relationships to one group of children living in residential care in Ireland. Drawing on a larger study of school and care, it explores data gathered from 16 children, aged 8 to 18, who were living in eight different children's homes on the east coast of Ireland. The findings suggest that the children were acutely aware of their ‘care’ status and developed a number of strategies to manage this identity in school. It appears that more often than not, children described being left to their own devises to manage friendships and peer relationships. Thus, despite being a crucial source of both stress and support, peer relationships did not appear to be regarded as an issue that adults should be involved with. This raises questions for practice about what children should be supported with and the way in which peer relationships are potentially overlooked by social work, residential and school staff.     

Webster‐Stratton Incredible Years Basic Parent Programme (IY) in child care placements: residential staff carers' satisfaction results

The aim of the present study was to investigate residential child care staff satisfaction with their involvement in the Webster‐Stratton Incredible Years Basic Parent Programme (IY). In an exploratory, not randomized study, 27 professionals from two different short‐term Portuguese residential child care centres (IG1, n = 15; IG2; n = 12) completed weekly IY evaluations and an overall satisfaction questionnaire at the end of their participation in the IY intervention. The weekly level of satisfaction was assessed with regard to each of the programme's components (content, DVDs, group leaders, group discussion). At the last session, they filled out a questionnaire aimed to evaluate the levels of satisfaction regarding the programme overall, the teaching format, the group leader(s) and the usefulness of specific educational techniques they learned. Data indicated that residential staff carers were highly satisfied with the weekly sessions and with the overall usefulness of the intervention programme. Results are discussed in terms of implications and future research directions.     

Home sweet home? Professionals' understanding of ‘home’ within residential care for unaccompanied youths in Sweden

The number of unaccompanied minors arriving in Sweden continues to rise. The majority are placed in residential care units. This qualitative study aims to increase the understanding given by the professionals to the concept of ‘home’ within the framework of residential care for unaccompanied young people. Data are based on participatory observations at two residential care units, followed up by individual interviews with staff. The findings confirm that the concept of home has a complex meaning involving both objective aspects such as physical buildings, and more subjective components that can be seen as state of mind. The staff's desire to offer an ‘ordinary home’ fails because of the surveillance, their dominant positions and especially due to the legal restrictions that were not initially meant for this target group. Unaccompanied young people have to be considered based on their own specific needs in order to make it possible for society to offer the most suitable care.     

影响流动人口定居意愿的居住因素分析:居住隔离抑或社区社会资本?

近年来,流动人口的居住长期化和家庭化趋势凸显,研究流动人口的定居意愿问题具有重要的意义。运用2017年在我国8座城市进行的大规模问卷调查数据,对影响流动人口定居意愿的居住因素进行分析。结果表明,除住房产权、住房质量及社区类型外,居住隔离和社区社会资本也是影响流动人口定居意愿的重要因素。社区社会资本在居住隔离与流动人口的定居意愿之间发挥着显著的中介效应,流动人口与本地居民的居住隔离状态影响着他们在社区内与本地人的社会交往,进而对流动人口的定居意愿发挥作用。     

Prevalence of mental health problems among children placed in out-of-home care in Denmark

This paper concerns the prevalence of mental health problems among children in family foster and residential care within a Danish context. All children, born in Denmark in 1995, who are or formerly have been placed in out-of-home care ( n = 1072), are compared with a group of vulnerable children of the same age, subjected to child protection interventions but living at home ( n = 1457, referred to as the 'in home care children'), and to all contemporaries who are not child protection clients ( n = 71 321, referred to as the 'non-welfare children'). Prevalence data are established on the basis of national administrative register data, including data on psychiatric diagnoses of the children, and on survey data scoring children in out-of-home care, in home care children, and non-welfare children by means of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results show that 20% of children in out-of-home care have at least one psychiatric diagnosis compared to 3% of the non-welfare children. Almost half of the children in care (48%) are, furthermore, scored within the abnormal range of SDQ, compared to 5% of the non-welfare children.     

我国住房抵押贷款证券化风险分析及防范策略

住房抵押贷款证券化,使原始的抵押贷款形式从投资者与标的物之间的直接物权关系,转化为新的债权关系,具有提高住房抵押贷款的变现能力,优化金融机构的资产结构等诸多优点。而加强住房抵押贷款证券化过程中的风险防范以保证证券化的健康推进意义更加重大。本文在研究住房抵押贷款证券化住房抵押风险理论的基础上,分析了我国当前住房抵押贷款证券化试点中的风险状况,提出了住房抵押贷款证券化的风险防范策略。