Improving social psychiatric treatment in residential programmes for emerging dependence groups in Europe: cross-border networking, methodological innovations and substantive discoveries

A mini-symposium series of papers presenting the results of the European Commission-supported Biomed II project is introduced. The project accomplished a cross-border scientific networking engaging 31 European residential treatment programmes. The results showed that scientific development is best served by a flexible bureaucratic approach. 'Old' science and the 'new' science ways of working were balanced. 'History' and 'social networks' are the key concepts signalling the project knowledge gains. A treatment sample (N=723) was extracted from a database of 1028 current European cases. Non-drug-specific characteristics are as important as drug-specific characteristics in distinguishing emerging dependence groups. The project networking created a process that increased the level of involvement of science and the service communities. To sustain the gains of the project, a reaching out of existing European treatment services to extended family and friendship networks with a history of dependence-related problems will be required.     

Enhancing the Quality of Care in Residential and Nursing Homes: More than Just a Professional Responsibility

ABSTRACT

This article highlights a range of issues considered essential to improving the quality of care received by older people in residential and nursing home settings. It is argued that improving such care represents a societal as well as a professional responsibility and that remedial action is needed at a number of levels. Five ‘routes’ to achieving quality are outlined, and it is suggested that these are not simply alternatives but that each requires attention if genuine progress is to be made.     

创造宜人的居住区外部空间

针对如何创造宜人的居住区外部空间这个议题，通过分析其空间的构成。提出居住区外部空间处理的原则，论述塑造居住区外部空间形态的几种手法．     

Residential institutions requesting supervision: a theoretical analysis of an empirically studied problem

This study was based on vague but persistent problems of uncertain origin permeating treatment and care in Swedish residential institutions treating emotionally disturbed and socially disadvantaged children. The purpose was to generate a reliable, empirically grounded theory, sufficient to describe and explain these problems, which were first observed in supervisory sessions. The main methods used were grounded theory ( Glaser & Strauss 1967 ; Strauss & Corbin 1990 , 1998 ) and abduction ( Peirce 1914/1990 ; Fann 1970 ; Josephson & Josephson 1996 ). During a three-year period, 17 respondents from three strategically chosen institutions were individually interviewed twice. The results suggest that artificial family institutions , enjoying family privileges , may develop out of family ideas . Under certain conditions, such institutions may be transformed into non-professional institutions that fail to carry out their official task, but that instead effect unconscious psychological tasks – tasks that are both hidden behind and obstruct the institution's official mission. The possibility of avoiding this development is dependent partly on the quality of the emotional content, called the need for reparation , within the institution, and partly on the methods used to control this need. This notion was tested in practice in a separate part of the study in which the method action-cum-research ( Trankell 1973 ) was used. One of the studied institutions was then observed for two years during a process of planned change in organization, treatment routines and attitudes. After two years, the final resistance to the official task had disappeared, and the former non-professional institution now worked in a task-orientated manner. This result has broad implications for planning and support of care institutions, as the same phenomena might arguably occur in any care organization.     

以"城中村"改造为抓手加快新农村建设步伐

在深入调查研究基础上,从9个方面论述了撤村建居和"城中村"改造的基本情况以及所带来的喜人变化。为进一步推进城乡一体化进程,提出了以"城中村"为抓手,认真落实好"同城待遇"问题,确保城市建设资金落实到位,妥善落实外来务工人员住宿问题和进一步推动城市化发展步伐等四个举措。     

上海农村村镇住宅建设开发新模式研究

本文首先从村镇住宅建设的开发模式的内涵分析入手,在研究了上海农村村镇住宅建设试点开发模式类型、特点以及存在的问题的基础上,提出了上海农村村镇住宅开发模式的新思路和创新意义并探讨了可能面临的问题.     

居住建筑中空调室外机的处理方法

通过举例分析空调室外机在居住建筑中的不妥善处理对城市景观造成的危害,总结出目前解决这一问题的几种方法,提出提高设计水平和严格统一管理是最有效的解决办法．     

Lessons learnt? Abuse in residential child care in Scotland

This paper draws on work carried out by Sen, Kendrick, Milligan and Hawthorn commissioned as pert of the Historic Abuse Systemic Review by the Scottish Executive in 2007. It considers the evidence‐based regarding abuse in residential child care from 1945 with a specific focus on Scotland. It reviews the context set for residential child care post‐1945 by the Clyde and Curtis reports, outlines how the residential child care sector developed following this, provides an overview of evidence and awareness of abuse in residential child care establishments after the 1948 Children's Act, giving particular consideration to the public inquiries and reviews of residential child care which there have been in Scotland, explores research evidence regarding the safety of convictions of residential child care workers found guilty of child abuse, and provides an overview of the main policy and practice developments which there have subsequently been in Scotland. The paper concludes by considering the progress that has been made in developing safeguards in Scotland and identifying areas where further research and development are required.     

影响流动人口定居意愿的居住因素分析:居住隔离抑或社区社会资本?

近年来,流动人口的居住长期化和家庭化趋势凸显,研究流动人口的定居意愿问题具有重要的意义。运用2017年在我国8座城市进行的大规模问卷调查数据,对影响流动人口定居意愿的居住因素进行分析。结果表明,除住房产权、住房质量及社区类型外,居住隔离和社区社会资本也是影响流动人口定居意愿的重要因素。社区社会资本在居住隔离与流动人口的定居意愿之间发挥着显著的中介效应,流动人口与本地居民的居住隔离状态影响着他们在社区内与本地人的社会交往,进而对流动人口的定居意愿发挥作用。     

Webster‐Stratton Incredible Years Basic Parent Programme (IY) in child care placements: residential staff carers' satisfaction results

The aim of the present study was to investigate residential child care staff satisfaction with their involvement in the Webster‐Stratton Incredible Years Basic Parent Programme (IY). In an exploratory, not randomized study, 27 professionals from two different short‐term Portuguese residential child care centres (IG1, n = 15; IG2; n = 12) completed weekly IY evaluations and an overall satisfaction questionnaire at the end of their participation in the IY intervention. The weekly level of satisfaction was assessed with regard to each of the programme's components (content, DVDs, group leaders, group discussion). At the last session, they filled out a questionnaire aimed to evaluate the levels of satisfaction regarding the programme overall, the teaching format, the group leader(s) and the usefulness of specific educational techniques they learned. Data indicated that residential staff carers were highly satisfied with the weekly sessions and with the overall usefulness of the intervention programme. Results are discussed in terms of implications and future research directions.