Community in a children's home

In this paper the focus is on ‘the community’ of a children's home and what it looks like from the children's point of view. The research data consist of ethnographic research material produced in conjunction with a doctoral thesis in 1996. The community was analysed in respect to four features: periodic adult relationships, alliance creation, importance of peers relationships and continuous negotiations, where children take active roles. In addition to periodic employees, the community of a children's home includes different relationships between peers and adults. The significance of the community is individually experienced. According to the field research, a children's home can offer home‐like experiences for some children and give a feeling of belonging, while there are also children for whom a sense of belonging is more complex. There is a need for a community approach in child protection and child welfare research. The studies of children's friendship and other human relationships provide adults and professionals with an understanding of the role of these relationships in the children's life and future. The studies also yield information on how these personal relationships are interpreted by young people.     

Breakdown of teenage placements in Swedish foster and residential care

This article deals with the problem of breakdown in different types of out‐of‐home care (foster care/residential care) for Swedish teenagers. How often are such placements prematurely terminated against the wishes and intentions of child welfare authorities? Which factors appear to increase or decrease the risk of placement breakdown? The sample consists of a national cohort of 776 youths who started 922 placements during 1991. Every placement was followed in municipal case files for a maximum period of five years. Between 30 and 37% of all placements were prematurely terminated, the exact figure depending on whether a narrow or wide definition of breakdown was applied. The lowest rates of breakdown were found in kinship care and secure units, the highest in non‐kinship foster homes. Teenagers who display antisocial behaviour and/or have mental health problems constitute a high‐risk category for most types of out‐of‐home care, but especially in non‐kinship foster homes. Risk factors in relation to breakdown were analysed in the four main forms of Swedish out‐of‐home care separately (foster homes, privately/publicly run residential care and secure units). The analysis pointed out that risk factors are not the same in all types of care, but antisocial behaviour at time of placement increased the risk in most forms of care. Prior research indicates that placement breakdown is a major problem of child welfare in other countries, and this study found that Sweden is no exception.     

江苏省农村居民点整理潜力的评价分级

农村居民点整理潜力评价分级作为农村居民点整理的一项基本工作 ,是制定土地整理专项规划的根本依据 ,是划定土地整理区的基础。评价分级主要应用层次聚类法与多因素综合评定法 ,确定江苏省各县 (市、区 )农村居民点整理潜力区聚类组的综合评价值 ,将全省农村居民点整理潜力区划分为 4级。     

从“哲学的批判”到“社会的建构”——马克思市民社会批判思想的双重变奏

思想的历史就是历史的思想,哲学作为时代的思想,它关照着所处自己时代人的“生存境遇”。马克思对现实人类生存境遇的关注不像以往哲学家那种由哲学到哲学的独白式的复调,而是基于对现实社会问题即对市民社会的关注为解决问题的钥匙。鉴于此,以马克思对市民社会的批判为问题的切入点,来论析在这一过程中马克思所实现的双重变奏即由“哲学的批判”到“社会的建构”这一思想理路,并创建自己的唯物史观,同时也凸显出马克思市民社会批判理论对现代社会的建构价值。     

试论上海楼盘通名的创新及其所蕴含的人居文化

词语与社会共变,作为社会用语的楼盘名称随着房产市场的兴起也在不断创新。其中表示楼盘属性的通名变化更大,从新词的出现和词义的变化折射出楼盘通名所蕴含的深厚的历史文化、独特的上海城市文化、兼容并蓄的海派文化以及现代人所追求的居住理念,洋溢着浓郁的现代人居文化的精神。     

Behavioural problems of adolescents in secure residential youth care: Gender differences and risk factors

Adolescents in secure residential care mostly suffer from serious behavioural problems, often accompanied by trauma and adverse family circumstances. This paper presents findings of a comparison of behavioural problems and risk factors of 255 boys and girls (aged 12 to 18 years) in secure residential care in the Netherlands and their association with behavioural problems. A cross-sectional design and standardized questionnaires were used to measure behavioural problems and individual and familial risk factors. By using independent-sample t tests, the severity of these factors in boys and girls was compared, and by using structural equation modelling (SEM), associations between these factors and behavioural problems were investigated. The findings of the study show that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, maladaptive emotion regulation, impaired perceived competence and internalizing behavioural problems were more severe in girls than in boys. Boys experienced more severe externalizing behavioural problems and more family problems than girls. Maladaptive emotion regulation, PTSD symptoms, perceived competence and parenting problems were related to behavioural problems. The results indicate that treatment for girls should address PTSD symptoms, perceived competence and maladaptive emotion regulation and that extra attention for family problems in the treatment of boys is warranted.     

普惠背景下我国小区配套幼儿园的政策定位与文本分析——以ROST数据挖掘系统为基础

建设普惠性小区配套幼儿园是拓展学前教育资源的重要举措。针对各级政府颁布的52份相关文件,根据政府治理配套园的主要环节,将政策文本划分为“规划”“建设”“移交”“办园”“保障机制”维度,并利用ROST数据挖掘系统对文本进行分析,归纳出小区配套园治理的现实困境和解决措施,并以社会语义网络图和措施表格阐释。最后提出政策建议:健全配套政策,明晰规定标准;精细管理机制,加强监督惩处;加大财政投入,优化资金分配。     

Multi-system factors impacting youth justice involvement of children in residential out-of-home care

Children placed in residential care are significantly over-represented in youth justice systems. Drawing on interviews and focus groups with service providers, this exploratory study examines practice factors that impact on the criminalization of this group of children across multiple services and systems, including in the residential care environment, police, lawyers, courts and youth justice systems, as well as multi-systems practice with this group in one Australian state. Positive outcomes were observed for children in residential care where well-functioning care teams existed, as well as for children in therapeutic residential care settings. However, clear limitations were identified across all phases of children's youth justice system involvement, including placement with offending peers, the criminalization of behaviours of concern, greater use of remand and detention, limited support to navigate legal and youth justice processes, challenges to service collaboration, and limited applicability of sentencing considerations. The findings indicate a pervasive level of systemic disadvantage for this group of children, and imply that a holistic strategy underpinned by affirmative action across several systems will be necessary to address the ongoing criminalization of children in residential care.     

基于PEST—SWOT的既有居住建筑绿色改造研究

我国既有居住建筑存量大,建筑性能落后,在使用过程中会消耗大量能源,而新建绿色建筑消耗资金大,见效慢,既有居住建筑绿色改造是国家解决资源消耗、可持续发展的关键。基于PEST—SWOT分析模型,从四个层面分析既有居住建筑绿色改造的优势、劣势、机会和威胁,提出在政策层面建议完善法律法规、细化评价标准、能效标识;经济层面建议合理拆改、加大激励力度;社会层面应将老旧小区改造项目清单透明化等,技术层面开发绿色技术、培养绿色改造人才的建议。     

Impact of early memories and current experiences of warmth and safeness on adolescents' psychological distress

A variable-centered and a person-centered approach were performed to examine the role of early memories of warmth and safeness (EMWS) and current experiences of warmth and safeness (CEWS) on depressive and anxious symptoms among adolescents from community and residential youth care (RYC) settings. Variable-centered results revealed EMWS were only indirectly (through CEWS) associated with depressive and anxious symptoms. Person-centered outcomes allowed to identify four different profiles based on EMWS and CEWS, which differed on depressive and anxious symptoms. EMWS and CEWS seem to play an important role in psychological distress during adolescence. CEWS seem to have a protective role on RYC adolescents' psychological distress, even when EMWS were poor.