How do labour laws affect unemployment and the labour share of national income? The experience of six OECD countries, 1970–2010

Using longitudinal data on labour law in France, Germany, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States over the period 1970–2010, the authors estimate the impact of labour regulation on unemployment and the labour share of national income. Their dynamic panel data analysis distinguishes between the short‐run and long‐run effects of regulatory change. They find that worker‐protective labour laws in general have no consistent relationship to unemployment but are positively correlated with labour's share of national income. Laws specifically relating to working time and employee representation are found to have beneficial effects on both efficiency and distribution thus proxied.     

日本明治后期《支那语学》月刊传播北京官话的历史意义

《支那语学》创刊于1907年6月,是当时世界范围内推广北京官话、传播中国文化最为重要的学术月刊之一。该杂志栏目设置很有创意:从教学角度安排北京官话语言基本知识学习内容;从培养语言学习能力角度安排汉日译解、翻译、写作、阅读基本能力训练内容;强调中国文化导入,加深读者对北京官话的整体性理解;以月刊为手段,迅捷传播中国信息,引发读者兴趣;内容选择强调趣味性、生动性、口语性、通俗性、学术性;版式设计新颖灵活,不拘一格,在对日北京官话教育史、汉语史、清末中日两国关系、文化交流等方面具有较高研究价值。《支那语学》应用现代传媒手段,拓展了北京官话的教学空间,标志着实体学校之外期刊杂志取得了传播北京官话的话语权;学校教学和杂志教学有机结合,直接把北京官话教学延伸到了社会,开放性强;实现了日本"国家语言政策"的目标;对后来北京官话教学期刊发展影响至深,对今天中国"国别"对外汉语教学机构和期刊结合教学、国家推广汉语战略政策的制订都具有较强的启发意义。     

The time‐dependent “cure‐death” model investigating two equally important endpoints simultaneously in trials treating high‐risk patients with resistant pathogens

A variety of primary endpoints are used in clinical trials treating patients with severe infectious diseases, and existing guidelines do not provide a consistent recommendation. We propose to study simultaneously two primary endpoints, cure and death, in a comprehensive multistate cure‐death model as starting point for a treatment comparison. This technique enables us to study the temporal dynamic of the patient‐relevant probability to be cured and alive. We describe and compare traditional and innovative methods suitable for a treatment comparison based on this model. Traditional analyses using risk differences focus on one prespecified timepoint only. A restricted logrank‐based test of treatment effect is sensitive to ordered categories of responses and integrates information on duration of response. The pseudo‐value regression provides a direct regression model for examination of treatment effect via difference in transition probabilities. Applied to a topical real data example and simulation scenarios, we demonstrate advantages and limitations and provide an insight into how these methods can handle different kinds of treatment imbalances. The cure‐death model provides a suitable framework to gain a better understanding of how a new treatment influences the time‐dynamic cure and death process. This might help the future planning of randomised clinical trials, sample size calculations, and data analyses.     

和刻明本《增订王昌龄诗集》平质

日本京都大学现藏和刻明万历间许自昌校《王昌龄诗集》本,是以现存明本为底本,以《唐诗品汇》等明本参校,并予以辑补部分佚诗而成。数量上多于明当代本,而体例又迥异于《全唐诗》王昌龄集。从版本学上来看,此本可以作为通行明本向《全唐诗》本的过渡本。     

“国防一线”的“三线建设”——云南三线建设的历史研究

云南处于援越抗美和对越自卫反击战的国防一线,同时又是我国地缘国防战略的大后方。既是“一线”又是“三线”的特殊地缘政治环境,赋予了云南三线建设独特的面貌和经验。在1964年至1980年的云南三线建设历程中,经历了两个建设高潮。文章试图真实再现各个阶段的规划部署、实施过程,分析出现的问题,以弥补相关研究的不足。这场特殊的“备战经济”建设,为保卫边疆安全、巩固国防发挥了应有的作用,同时也为云南的经济社会发展做出了重大的贡献。     

谈渤海国对日本交往的两个问题

渤海国是唐朝时期中国的一个边疆民族政权,与日本具有一些相同的文化因素,物产丰富,造船技术和航海技术先进,这些是其对日本交往的有利条件。在这样的条件下,渤海进行了长期的对日交往,是中日关系的一个组成部分。渤海对日本的交往,影响了东北亚战略格局,满足了双方人民的经济需要,促进了唐文化的传播,给东北亚海上丝绸之路赋予了新的内涵,对于东北亚经济文化交流具有重要的意义。     

日韩留学生颜色词联想的比较研究

选取日本和韩国留学生各80人作为被试,选定白、红、黄、蓝、紫和粉红6个基本颜色词,制成颜色词的自由联想问卷;采用自由联想和跨文化比较等方法,比较日韩留学生对这些颜色词的联想在具体、抽象及情绪维度上的差异,有助于认识他们的心理特征和民族文化特征。     

"个人化"写作与市场消费

"个人化"写作是20世纪90年代文学的一个关键词.它意味着以个人的姿态反抗集体意识形态的宏大叙事,为主体独立和人性自由赢得了一定的美学空间.同时,它专注于个体私人经验和欲望体验的表达,无可避免地堕入了文学自恋的泥潭,又在一定程度上迎合了市场运作的消费规则.     

Working mothers and sons’ preferences regarding female labor supply: direct evidence from stated preferences

We investigate the argument that men who are raised by working mothers develop a preference that is favorable toward working women and, consequently, are more likely to have working wives. We test this hypothesis using the Japanese General Social Surveys 2000–2003. We directly examine the responses to the opinion survey’s questions regarding appropriate gender roles. The estimation results indicate that men raised by full-time working mothers are less likely to support traditional gender roles. Those men are also less likely to believe in the negative impact of a mother’s working on her children’s development.      

Malaria in Pacific populations: seen but not heard?

Most Pacific Island countries are located in the tropics, where there is an abundance of mosquitoes with the potential to carry debilitating or life-threatening vector-borne diseases. This article examines three Melanesian countries in which malaria is endemic—Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu—but the threat posed by the spread of malaria gives the issues a broader significance to the Pacific region. After discussing the spatial distribution and prevalence of malaria in the Pacific, the article examines a number of health interventions through which people have sought to control malaria. Although the disease was nearly eradicated in the Pacific in the 1970s, it is no longer in retreat. The article concludes by examining why there are still grounds for cautious optimism, and the challenges that Pacific Island countries face in reducing the impact of malaria on their populations. There is a need for prompt and concerted action on malaria at the national, regional and international levels if the public health concerns arising from the disease are to be adequately addressed.