基于MRI图像的主动脉弓变形测量方法的研究

目的:准确测量主动脉弓的变形和位移,以便于主动脉弓血流动力学的仿真计算以及主动脉弓疾病的形态学诊断的进行。方法:本文首先基于主动轮廓模型(GVFSnakes模型)把MRI图像中的主动脉部分与胸腔分割开来,之后对人主动脉弓一个心动周期内的多幅MRI图像进行分析,建立主动脉弓运动的动态模型,并通过相关软件对主动脉弓的变形情况进行测量。结果:获得了一个行动周期内升主动脉根部,升主动脉中部,头臂动脉分支前,左锁骨下动脉分支后以及降主动脉中部等五个典型截面的变形量。结论:升主动脉中段的边界变形幅度较大,其他部分截面面积变化相对较平稳。通过对主动脉弓MRI图像的分析研究,可以准确地获取到血管边界的位移和变形信息。     

京剧唱腔与美声唱法的艺术比较

京剧唱腔与关声唱法无论在声音的运用、呼吸的支持、共鸣的搭配上都具有许多共性，但又各具特色。京剧唱腔多依据不同的角色、不同的行当，选择不同的声区、共鸣等，强调人物的个性化。美声唱法则追求声音的上下连贯与统一，追求共鸣腔体的整体运用与比例搭配。     

关于Menger概率赋范空间上线性算子的共鸣定理

提出 Menger 概率赋范线性空间上集合有界性的简化定义,利用 Menger概率赋范空间的线性拓扑性质,在较弱的 t-模条件下,建立了概率有界、概率半有界、非概率无界意义下线性算子的共鸣定理。     

Power,capital, and artistic freedom: contemporary Chinese art communities and the city

This paper offers a critical review of the proliferation of the contemporary art colony in China since the beginning of the twenty-first century in the context of China's promotion of cultural creative industries as one of the strategies for urban development and economic growth. Through analyzing cases in Beijing, Xi’an, and Sanya, cities ranging from ‘first-tier’ to ‘third-tier’ in their size and status, the paper explores the challenges and opportunities many contemporary Chinese art professionals find themselves face amid the competitive city image building campaign, a top-down movement led by local state and private investors in cities across China. It is evident that contemporary art and alternative art spaces associated with it have been drawn into the process of commodification, inadvertently recruited to play an ancillary role in the reproduction of the hegemonic collusion between political power and capitalism in a rapidly urbanizing China. Nonetheless, I argue that the inclusion of contemporary art communities as a player in the production and reproduction of the urban space has provided critical-minded artists, critics, and curators opportunities to participate in the reconfiguration of the physical and cultural landscape of Chinese cities, albeit not always with positive outcomes. As such, some art professionals are able to appropriate the process of capitalist urbanization to create their own ‘infrastructures of resonance’ [Thompson 2015. Seeing Power: Art and Activism in the Twenty-first Century. Brooklyn: Melville House], which support artistic freedom and facilitate the growth of diverse forms of cultural creation and exchange despite the coming dominance of ‘power plus capital’ [X. Wang 2003. A Manifesto for Cultural Studies. In: C. Wang, ed. One China, many paths. London: Verso, 274–291].     

Prevalence analysis of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy and influential preoperative factors in a single institution

Aims: To assess prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) after radical prostatectomy (RP) and to analyze which preoperative characteristics of the patients have influence on UI.

Methods: Between 2002 and 2012, 746 consecutive patients underwent RP for clinically localized prostate cancer. We defined UI according to International Continence Society (ICS) definition: “the complaint of any involuntary leakage of urine” after 12?months of recovery, international consultation on incontinence questionnaire (ICIQ-SF) and pads/day was collected too. Clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging measurements were assessed. A multivariable logistic regression model predicting incontinence were built-in after adjust by cofounding factors and bootstrapping.

Results: About 172 (23%) of the patients were classified as incontinent according to the ICS definition. The mean value of the ICIQ-SF was 10.87 (±4). 17.8% of patients use at least one pad/day, 11.9% use more than one pad/day. The preoperative factors independently influential in UI are: age [OR: 1.055; CI 95% (1.006–1.107), p?=?.028], urethral wall thickness [OR: 5.03; CI 95% (1.11–22.8), p?=?.036], history of transurethral resection of the prostate [OR: 6.13; CI 95% (1.86–20.18), p?=?.003] and membranous urethral length [OR: 0.173; CI 95% (0.046–0.64), p?=?.009]. The predictive accuracy of the model is 78.7% and the area under the curve (AUC) value 71.7%.

Conclusions: Urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy has different prevalence depending on the definition. Age, prior transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), membranous urethral length (MUL) and urethral wall thickness (UWT) were risk factors.     

Narrating Genocide: Time,Memory, and Blame

More than 20 years have passed since the Rwandan genocide, yet we know little about how Rwandans remember the violence. This article draws upon more than 100 interviews with genocide survivors to assess collective memories of the atrocity. We find that survivors organize their narratives by conceptualizing the genocide as a watershed event that divides time into two distinct eras. When discussing the pregenocide period, survivors focus on macrolevel events and structures, locating blame for the genocide in institutions rather than on Rwandan citizens. By contrast, narratives of life after the genocide focus on perceived progress since 1994. We interpret these findings in light of the state's memory projects, the potential functionality of the memories, and the time needed for collective memories to resonate.     

The digital rainbow: Some history and applications of numerical spectrum analysis

Statistical concepts and techniques are basic to scientific investigation. One concept that enjoys both a theoretical and a physical existence is the spectrum. A spectrum may be described as a display of the intensity or variability of a phenomenon versus period or frequency. Spectra are particularly useful in the study of systems subject to resonance, but have many other uses. This paper begins with some of the historical development of the field, describing a sequence of contributions by Michelson, Schuster, Einstein, Fisher, Bartlett, Tukey, and Whittle. The paper next presents collaborative applications to the study of the free oscillations of the earth, to the dispersion of seismic surface waves and to nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. Finally, there is mention of open problems and opinions on future directions.     

论刑罚权的概念与特征

刑罚权源自社会化人性需求,并始终依附于统治权,是法权之主体创制、适用刑罚以达到相关目的之权限与权能。刑罚权具有相对于统治权的依附性、品格的独立性、共振性等特性。     

A Stochastic Geometry Model for Functional Magnetic Resonance Images

In functional magnetic resonance imaging, spatial activation patterns are commonly estimated using a non-parametric smoothing approach. Significant peaks or clusters in the smoothed image are subsequently identified by testing the null hypothesis of lack of activation in every volume element of the scans. A weakness of this approach is the lack of a model for the activation pattern; this makes it difficult to determine the variance of estimates, to test specific neuroscientific hypotheses or to incorporate prior information about the brain area under study in the analysis. These issues may be addressed by formulating explicit spatial models for the activation and using simulation methods for inference. We present one such approach, based on a marked point process prior. Informally, one may think of the points as centres of activation, and the marks as parameters describing the shape and area of the surrounding cluster. We present an MCMC algorithm for making inference in the model and compare the approach with a traditional non-parametric method, using both simulated and visual stimulation data. Finally we discuss extensions of the model and the inferential framework to account for non-stationary responses and spatio-temporal correlation.     

《圣经》对现代文学及文革后几位作家的影响

自唐代景教入华以来,传教士们从未停止过中文《圣经》的翻译工作。和合本《新约》与《新旧约全书》分别于1905年和1919年出版,其语言形式直接影响了白话文运动,《圣经》故事及文学体裁也常被现代文学作家所采用。当"五四"知识分子意识到基督教文化不过是救国救民的一轮幻想的太阳,他们便很快放弃了这一工具。文革后的作家遭遇了十年浩劫,他们不再像现代文学作家那样以实用主义态度来看待基督教,反而在内心深处对基督教言说产生了共鸣。