保护农民工权利的宏观思路

保护农民工权利是一项十分艰巨而又复杂的任务,因此我们应该系统而缜密地解决好这一难题。保护农民工权利的宏观思路应从三个方面递进式地加以考虑：首先,必须彻底转变对农民工的态度 其次,进一步完善各项法律制度,促进对农民工权益的保护 最后,在各项条件都成熟的情况下制定《农民工权益保护法》。     

1920年烟潍路工赈述论

我国北方五省1920年发生特大旱灾。灾情发生后,国内外救济机构和团体对救灾表现出了极大的热情,投入了大量的财力和物力实施救济。在有关方面的建议下,北京政府交通部利用所辖的路、电、邮、航四政附收赈款筹集资金,采用以工代赈方式修筑烟台至潍县公路。可工程开工后不久,由于交通部把持赈款,引发社会不满,遭到舆论抨击,不得不将所收的一半赈款用来办理急赈,这对工赈产生了直接的影响。烟潍路工赈在取得成绩时,也存在工程离灾区过远、赈济人数太少、拖欠工资和地价、管理不够完善等诸多问题。     

Witnesses’ Appearance in Court and Guarantees for the Defendant's Right to Confrontation

刑事证人出庭作证的主要意义在于保障被告人的对质权。因此，刑事证人出庭问 题基本上可替换为以被告人对质权为核心的必要证人出庭问题。由于中国的刑事诉讼 法及其司法解释并未赋予被告人对质权，实践中必要证人出庭率仅为25%左右。这种 无对质权语境下的刑事审判，通常表现为积极的实体真实主义、定罪量刑的非精细化 操作和裁判正当性来源的单一化。为改变这一局面，有必要确立对质权制度及相应的 保障机制。

关键词: 证人出庭?必要证人出庭率?对质权?裁判正当性

The main significance of witnesses’ appearing in court to testify in criminal trials is that this practice guarantees the defendant's right to confrontation. The issue can thus be framed in another way, as the issue of the appearance in court of the necessary witnesses. Here, the defendant's right to confront is the key point. Since neither China's criminal procedural law nor corresponding judicial interpretations have granted the defendant the right to confront, the rate of appearance of the necessary witnesses amounts in practice to only about twenty‐ five percent. Criminal trials conducted in the absence of the right to confrontation usually conform to the doctrine of positive substantive truth and manifest a lack of care in conviction and sentencing as well as reliance on a single source of legitimacy in reaching judgments. To correct this state of affairs, it is necessary to institute the right to confront and corresponding safeguards.     

从网络舆情看大学生网络话语权的实现与引导

网络舆情的发展打破了传统话语权模式，创新了话语表达方式，促进了大学生话语权的实现。但在网络话语权实现过程中，大学生常表现出话语权利意识扭曲、话语自主性迷失、话语权行使非理性等问题。应该从鼓励与培育、对话与认同、定向与规制几个方面进行引导。     

人民法院的国家追偿权及其行使

人民法院作为赔偿义务机关在承担了国家赔偿责任以后 ,有向实施某种违法行为的审判人员进行追偿的权力。依据国家有关法律和我国司法实践 ,在明确国家追偿权的范围、成立要件的基础上 ,人民法院应积极组织国家追偿权的实施     

Altruism and Market-Like Behavior: An Analysis of Willingness to Pay for Recycled Paper Products

The contrast between self-interested behavior guided by rational choice and altruistic behavior guided by normative considerations is a central theme in the social sciences. This study suggests that market and market-like behavior, the context where self-interest is expected to dominate, is in fact often motivated by altruism. This argument is tested by examining a willingness to pay measure, a surrogate for the market that is finding substantial use in analyses of public policy. In particular, the ability of the Schwartz model of altruism to explain willingness to pay for recycled products is examined. Findings indicate that even as the Schwartz model has explained many purely altruistic behaviors, it also can explain self-reported willingness to pay. While economists often have noted the importance of rational choice in even the most intimate of human decisions, this study notes the importance of normative altruism in even the most calculated.     

沉默权价值的理性分析

现阶段有关沉默权的论述莫衷一是。对沉默权价值的分析可验证其存在的合理与否。对沉默权的历史考察可知其已完成了所期待的推进法制文明的应有使命 ;对沉默权的法理深究可知 ,其障碍刑罚目的实现 ;对沉默权的人性评判可知 ,其虽是人性尊重的司法表现 ,但其保障相对恶主体的权利却是以牺牲相对善主体权利为代价 ;对沉默权的价值判断可知 ,其以自由为口实 ,损害社会必要秩序。由此 ,沉默权不是人类司法活动中必需的诉讼制度。     

Developing inclusive educational practices for refugee children in the Czech Republic

All children in the Czech Republic have the legal right to primary education, regardless of nationality and legal status. This article is based on a study of refugee children and their educational situation. The study reveals that refugee students in the Czech Republic are not benefiting fully from this fundamental right and that their educational future is in jeopardy. The study identified six major barriers to full participation and educational benefits. Finally, a plan of action to overcome barriers is put forward. Key ingredients are effective information transfer among state agencies, non‐governmental organizations, parents, children and schools.     

建国后马克思主义中国化的历程与经验

建国后马克思主义中国化经历了曲折的发展,以十一届三中全会为界,大致分为两个阶段。60多年的马克思主义中国化的实践为我国社会主义事业的发展提供了丰富的经验,合理借鉴这些经验,有利于进一步充实马克思主义理论,丰富中国特色社会主义实践,推进马克思主义中国化的与时俱进。     

Inference Under Right Censoring in a Discrete Setup

In this article, we consider the right random censoring scheme in a discrete setup when the lifetime and censoring variables are independent and have geometric distributions with means 1/θ₁ and 1/θ₂, respectively. We first obtain the Maximum Likelihood and Method of Moment estimators of the unknown parameters. We also find the Bayes and Posterior Regret Gamma Minimax estimators of the parameters for the two cases when the prior distributions are dependent and independent, assuming a squared error loss function. We then discuss the Proportional Hazard model, and obtain Maximum Likelihood estimators of the unknown parameters and derive the Bayes estimators assuming squared error loss using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods.