论连带责任中求偿权的实现

求偿权的性质应采纳主观共同关系说。求偿的要件应包括须有债务人共同免责、债务人有财产上的给付行为、该债务人的履行无须超过其应负担部分。求偿权的行使应受到必要的限制。求偿权应通过一次诉讼、多次执行的方法得到实现     

How trade/GNP ratio decreases with country size

The ratio of a country's foreign trade (i.e., exports plus imports) to its GNP has a known tendency to decrease with country size. Previous studies have used a single year's data; but trade fluctuates greatly from year to year. This paper makes available a compilation of 1953–1972 export/GNP and import/GNP figures for 110 countries. The average import/GNP figure is found to correlate strongly with population size; the simple expression, Imports/GNP = 40 $\text{P}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>?1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}$, applies, within a factor of 2, in 94% of cases. No correlation with development level can be seen. The United States data throughout its history (1799–1972) follow the same inverse cube root pattern, but with a constant of 20 instead of 40. Correlation is much poorer in the case of export/GNP ration. Export and import figures are only marginally correlated to each other.     

新世纪审美活动与艺术的走向

继往可以开来 ,探究 2 0世纪人类审美活动和艺术创作的得失 ,将使我们在新的世纪 ,获得更加辉煌的审美成果。东西方人文精神与审美观念的区别 ,主要在于西方大都突出个性的生理方面 ,而华夏文化则看重个性的社会价值 ,因而各有所长、所短 ,所有、所无。面向未来 ,人们在辩证地认识和把握世界的同时 ,必将在审美活动与艺术创造中更加宽容地对待种种不同的思潮、流派、风格与形式 ,从而使人类的审美更为多姿多彩     

西部大开发中的制度创新作用及培养途径

本文根据发展经济学理论,指出西部开发战略要取得成功的关键是构造创新制度,作者从培养创新实体、市场化激励方式及国家有效的扶持政策等方面探讨了培养创新制度的途径.     

Size and duration of empires: Systematics of size

Areas of the world's three largest empires or states at any given time are listed at 100- or 50-year intervals, from 3000 b.c. on. Area measurement definitions and techniques are described. Major empire size has tended to increase, approaching the world's dry earth area in an approximately logistic way. This pattern suggests that a world state is still many centuries away. Sudden increases in empire size have occurred around 2800 b.c. due to emergence of cities, around 600 b.c. due to a power delegation breakthrough, and around 1600 a.d. due to a communication speed revolution. A graph of the world's largest empire areas throughout times offers somewhat novel perspectives on world history, making one realize the Western bias of many “world history” texts. Areas of 20 largest states that ever existed are listed. Subsequent papers will deal with historical periods in more detail.     

Product-limit Estimators and Cox Regression with Missing Censoring Information

The Kaplan–Meier estimator of a survival function requires that the censoring indicator is always observed. A method of survival function estimation is developed when the censoring indicators are missing completely at random (MCAR). The resulting estimator is a smooth functional of the Nelson–Aalen estimators of certain cumulative transition intensities. The asymptotic properties of this estimator are derived. A simulation study shows that the proposed estimator has greater efficiency than competing MCAR-based estimators. The approach is extended to the Cox model setting for the estimation of a conditional survival function given a covariate.     

论假释的副作用及其克服——以假释权利观为视角

假释制度符合行刑社会化的潮流和趋势,对实现刑罚的目的来说,它有积极的功能,也有副作用。传统的假释奖励观不利于假释制度应有功效的发挥,要从根本上克服假释的负作用,必须树立假释权利观。     

组织残疾人、儿童乞讨罪若干疑难问题研究

组织残疾人、儿童乞讨罪是《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(六)》第17条新增的一项侵犯公民人身权利的犯罪,在罪名、犯罪主体与犯罪对象、客观方面及罪数形态、罪的界限及与《治安管理处罚法》的衔接方面不仅在理论上存在争议,而且在司法层面上也未能澄清一些疑惑,对这些问题进行理论上的探讨,无疑对于打击利用他人进行乞讨等犯罪行为具有极为重要的意义。     

"毕兹卡"考释

"毕兹卡"是土家语对土家族的自称,"毕兹卡"的具体翻译成汉语是什么意思?最传统的说法是"毕兹卡"是"本地人"的意思。但从语言学的角度来考察,土家语"毕兹卡"与汉语"本地人"没有对译关系,也就是说,土家语"毕兹卡"中没有汉语"本地人"对应词来对译。从语言学、民俗学和历史学的角度看"毕兹卡"是"男人哭嫁的民族"的意思。     

公共投资效应的制约因素及提高途径

本文在对公共投资进行界定的基础上,分析了我国公共投资效应的主要制约因素,并分别从公共投资的范围、规模、结构及投资方式、管理体制及决策机制等几个方面,对提高我国公共投资效应的途径提出了相关的建议.