现代大学制度下的学生权力及其实现路径

现代大学制度之下,学生权力是维护自身权利的能力,是制衡其他权力形式、保持大学民主和法治的重要组成部分,其实现路径主要包括参与大学管理、学生组织自治、自主选择学业以及学生评教等。中国大学学生权力缺失的根本原因还是在“行政化”,应该制定大学章程,规范大学内外部权力关系并明确学生权力的地位,加强大学生组织建设并赋予其自治权,以及进一步推进教学管理制度改革、赋予学生自主选择和评价权以保证学生权力的实现。     

中国社会养老的文化分析

本文关注福利文化对社会养老制度和实践的影响,从文化视角审视中国现代社会养老项目的发展,揭示了老年社会福利模式与特定社会政策制定者对社会福利概念的理解和传统福利文化之间的关系。限定主义的价值观和公民权利意识的缺失阻碍着中国老年社会福利模式从剩余性到制度性的转变,抑制了社会福利在缩小老年群体内阶层差异方面的作用,促使了福利资源分配的不公。尽管人口老龄化和福利国家的文化扩散正在促使中国老年社会福利呈多元化发展趋势,多元福利体系的最终建立还有赖于社会公众和政策制定者对个人和国家关系的重新解读。     

农民工权利保护的宪法维度

随着市场经济和城市化进程的不断深入,农民工权利保护问题日益受到关注。农民工权利保护的核心是宪法保护问题,本文从宪法的角度阐述了宪法对农民工权利保护的意义,以宪法视角审视农民工权利保护不力的现状,并从宪法维度提出保护农民工权利的路径。     

中国流动儿童政策分析

本文从儿童权利平等的角度出发,结合2003年“中国九城市流动儿童生活状况调查”数据,从国家和地方两个层面,主观和客观两个方面深入分析流动儿童政策的现状,剖析国家和地方政府之间的义务和责任关系,分析影响流动儿童政策制定、执行等环节的因素,针对流动儿童主要问题,提出政策建议。     

从“亲亲相隐”到“亲亲不隐”

“亲亲相隐”是我国古代的一项法律制度,它肯定了亲属之间相互隐匿罪行的正当性,符合中国古代礼法并用的律法特点。然而在现代法治社会,人们越来越重视对权利的维护,法律成为维权最重要的依据。法律面前人人平等是我国现代司法制度的基本要求,如果将“亲亲相隐”法制化,则意味着,在现代法律中血缘亲情将成为能够影响定罪量刑的关键因素。如此一来,司法何以体现公正,如何保证法律面前人人平等？所以,将“亲亲相隐”法制化的观念是不可取的。     

新媒体与农民工的维权表达

当前农民工的权利存在着较为严重的缺失。构建有助于农民工维权表达机制非常重要。在农民工的维权上,传统媒体存在着些许弊端:一是多选取具有典型性质的农民工维权个案,而忽略其他个案;二是更加关注市民的权利状况,而疏于关注农民工的权利;三是它的地域性特点也易削弱农民工维权表达的力度。新媒体:有助于为农民工创设一种改变"他者"身份的话语表达机制,有助于为所有农民工提供一种主动维权表达的机制,有助于为农民工维权行为建构一种较为开放的信息传播机制,有助于为农民工铺建与网络意见领袖的桥梁机制。农民工的权利实现还取决于其他因素。     

Crafting Child‐friendly Cities: Evidence from Biratnagar Sub‐metropolitan City,Eastern Nepal

Our cities are increasingly becoming the sites where children socialize, observe, and learn how society functions and many local and global activities have impacted children's health and well‐being. The Child‐friendly Cities initiative, launched by the United Nations Children's Fund and the United Nations Human Settlements Programme in 1996, draws in diverse stakeholders to place children at the center of the urban agenda. Based on social work research, this article analyzes the acclaimed status of Biratnagar Sub‐metropolitan city, Eastern Nepal, as a child‐friendly city. Despite its efforts, the city of Biratnagar is yet to meet the required criteria to claim itself as a child‐friendly city. Further improvements by the city administration in achieving children's participation in decision‐making, child‐friendly legal environment, and code of conduct are essential. Based on the evidence, the authors advocate for bottom‐up approaches that include children's voices and their real participation in city governance and a strong political will to craft child‐friendly cities, not as a policy rhetoric but for real. Enabling children to fulfill their potential as equal participants in crafting child‐friendly cities will require adults to relinquish some of their hegemonic powers of decision‐making on behalf of children.     

Children, death and ageism

The position of children in the social order can be seen as an ambiguous one. On the one hand, they are highly valued, at a rhetorical level at least, as the basis of the future generation. On the other hand, however, they can be seen to be marginalized and disenfranchised, protected from more aspects of social life than is strictly necessary. This paper explores some of the important issues relating to children's disenfranchised social position, with specific reference to issues relating to death, dying and bereavement.     

A Legal Structure for Limiting the Agency Cost of Stock Rights Transfer

The unilateral disposition of stock rights’ voting rights detracts from the welfare of the other shareholders. Contractual arrangements restricting or prohibiting the transfer of stock rights under the capital majority rule may infringe upon shareholders’ right of withdrawal, further weakening stock market constraints on senior management and indirectly raising the agency cost of management abuse of power for private ends. In creating a legal structure for stock rights transfer, we need to find an appropriate balance between freedom of contract, capital majority rule and reduction of agency costs. Judges should determine that the transfer of voting rights is invalid in order to ensure that voting rights match residual claim rights and maintain the constraints on senior management represented by shareholder voting rights. The general prohibition of stock rights transfer in the articles of association blocks shareholders’ right of withdrawal; this is not conducive to restraining potential abuses of power on the part of senior management and should be made invalid. Judges must differentiate between long- and short-term contracts and the initial and revised clauses of the articles of association in order to distinguish between the efficacy of different arrangements limiting transfer of stock rights as laid down in the articles of association.     

How do labour laws affect unemployment and the labour share of national income? The experience of six OECD countries, 1970–2010

Using longitudinal data on labour law in France, Germany, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States over the period 1970–2010, the authors estimate the impact of labour regulation on unemployment and the labour share of national income. Their dynamic panel data analysis distinguishes between the short‐run and long‐run effects of regulatory change. They find that worker‐protective labour laws in general have no consistent relationship to unemployment but are positively correlated with labour's share of national income. Laws specifically relating to working time and employee representation are found to have beneficial effects on both efficiency and distribution thus proxied.