江苏省大学城建设中高校的债务风险及其化解

在大学城建设过程中,银行贷款在促进高等教育事业发展、改善高校办学条件的同时,也使高校背上了沉重的债务负担,给高校带来了较高的债务风险。就江苏省大学城建设中高校存在的债务风险及其产生的原因进行了分析,并从教育产权的角度提出了化解债务风险的措施。     

商业银行发展中间业务的思考

中间业务以其风险小、收益高的优点受到各国银行的青睐,尤其是在发达国家,已成为发达国家建设银行收入和利润的主要来源。建设银行大力推进和发展中间业务商业银行加快体制改革步伐、增强国际竞争力尤为重要。现针对商业银行发展中间业务的必要性及发展现状和发展前景等方面进行初步探讨。对于国内外先进银行经验加快发展商业银行中间业务的步伐,加快建设银行战略转型、改变业务发展方式,向现代化经营模式的转变。     

利率变动下的存续期缺口管理和流量比例调整

在金融自由化和利率市场化的浪潮下,商业银行所面临的利率风险防范问题日益突出。利率风险管理成为商业银行经营管理中极其重要的环节。马考勒存续期缺口管理是现代西方商业银行的主要风险管理手段之一,合理构造存续期缺口可使商业银行净值不受市场利率影响,而流量比例调整可以克服存续期缺口受制于利率变动的不足,综合利用存续期缺口管理对我国商业银行建立风险管理机制起着重要的作用。     

A theoretical basis for perturbation methods

In this paper we discuss a new theoretical basis for perturbation methods. In developing this new theoretical basis, we define the ideal measures of data utility and disclosure risk. Maximum data utility is achieved when the statistical characteristics of the perturbed data are the same as that of the original data. Disclosure risk is minimized if providing users with microdata access does not result in any additional information. We show that when the perturbed values of the confidential variables are generated as independent realizations from the distribution of the confidential variables conditioned on the non-confidential variables, they satisfy the data utility and disclosure risk requirements. We also discuss the relationship between the theoretical basis and some commonly used methods for generating perturbed values of confidential numerical variables.     

论消费者的知觉风险及营销对策

消费者产生知觉风险的原因众多。我们可根据消费者收集信息的不同程度和消费者收集信息的性质而采取不同的营销策略来减低消费者的知觉风险,加快消费者的购买决策。     

论信用证交易风险

信用证交易被视为国际商业的生命线。它牵涉到复杂的法律关系。受益方如何在交易中做到单证相符,规避欺诈及其它风险,是问题的关键。     

美国工程保证担保制度的发展与思考--关于我国建立工程保证担保制度的探讨

文章在对美国工程保证担保制度的发展进行分析、总结的基础上 ,结合当前中国的国情 ,探讨了如何在我国逐步建立和推行工程保证担保制度。     

An Existential Approach to Risk Perception

Existential, or existential-phenomenological philosophical approaches to the social psychology of risk perception provide a novel framework for understanding issues that are common to all humanity, such as fear of death, freedom and responsibility, isolation and meaninglessness, as these anxieties are a function of existing, or being-in-the-world. These fundamental anxieties can be related theoretically to the ways people perceive risks within social and cultural milieus, and can also be used practically within case studies, as demonstrated in the three examples presented, which examine perceptions of climate change, food-related risks, and environmental awareness via a mixture of quantitative and qualitative techniques. The discussion focuses on the possible insights that can be gained from taking an existential perspective on risk perception, and relates notions of contemporary technologically-oriented societies to the existential challenges faced by individuals and societies in the contemporary world.     

Scheduling Updates of Probabilistic Risk Assessments: The Arkansas Nuclear One-Unit 1 Experience

This paper presents the results of a study that identified how often a probabilistic risk assessment (PRA)should be updated to accommodate the changes that take place at nuclear power plants. Based on a 7-year analysis of design and procedural changes at one plant, we consider 5 years to be the maximum interval for updating PRAs. This conclusion is preliminary because it is based on the review of changes that occurred at a single plant, and it addresses only PRAs that involve a Level 1 analysis (i.e., a PRA including calculation of core damage frequency only). Nevertheless, this conclusion indicates that maintaining a useful PRA requires periodic updating efforts. However, the need for this periodic update stems only partly from the number of changes that can be expected to take place at nuclear power plants–changes that individually have only a moderate to minor impact on the PRA, but whose combined impact is substantial and necessitates a PRA update. Additionally, a comparison of two generations of PRAs performed about 5 years apart indicates that PRAs must be periodically updated to reflect the evolution of PRA methods. The most desirable updating interval depends on these two technical considerations as well as the cost of updating the PRA. (Cost considerations, however, were beyond the scope of this study.)     

Potential exposures and risks from beryllium-containing products.

Beryllium is the strongest of the lightweight metals. Used primarily in military applications prior to the end of the Cold War, beryllium is finding new applications in many commercial products, including computers, telecommunication equipment, and consumer and automotive electronics. The use of beryllium in nondefense consumer applications is of concern because beryllium is toxic. Inhalation of beryllium dust or vapor causes a chronic lung disease in some individuals at concentrations as low as 0.01 microg/m3 in air. As beryllium enters wider commerce, it is prudent to ask what risks this might present to the general public and to workers downstream of the beryllium materials industry. We address this question by evaluating the potential for beryllium exposure from the manufacturing, use, recycle, and disposal of beryllium-containing products. Combining a market study with a qualitative exposure analysis, we determine which beryllium applications and life cycle phases have the largest exposure potential. Our analysis suggests that use and maintenance of the most common types of beryllium-containing products do not result in any obvious exposures of concern, and that maintenance activities result in greater exposures than product use. Product disposal has potential to present significant individual risks, but uncertainties concerning current and future routes of product disposal make it difficult to be definitive. Overall, additional exposure and dose-response data are needed to evaluate both the health significance of many exposure scenarios, and the adequacy of existing regulations to protect workers and the public. Although public exposures to beryllium and public awareness and concern regarding beryllium risks are currently low, beryllium risks have psychometric qualities that may lead to rapidly heightened public concern.