低磁场回旋速调管的空间电荷效应

本文建立了考虑直流空间电荷效应和交流空间电荷效应的低磁场(大回旋半经)回旋速调管扰动理论。在漂移区中考虑直流空间电荷场的影响。我们发现电子运动在该区服从一振荡方程;进一步在输出腔中计及了交流空间电荷场对注一波换能的影响。文中求得了相应的电子群聚、注一波互作用功率及增益的表达式,并进行了讨论。     

直流磁控溅射铂电阻薄膜

根据薄膜理论和通过成膜工艺实验，研究了影响铂薄膜电阻温度系数的主要因素。１）对铂靶材料的纯度要求高，含杂质极少；２）淀积薄膜要有一定厚度，通常近于１μｍ才能有较大的α；３）成膜以后，需经过高温热处理，减少缺陷，结晶化改善。通过大量实验，使用高铝陶瓷基片或微晶玻璃基片，溅射铂薄膜的厚度为８００ｎｍ，高温热处理１ｈ，可以获得电阻温度系数为３．８５０×１０－３／℃的铂电阻薄膜。     

关于分圆域Q(ζ_p)类数的第一因子的行列式表示

设p是奇素数，是分圆域K＝Q（ζp）类数的第一因子。本文运用代数方法证明了：可表成p／2p-2γp与一个元素均为±1的（p-1）／2阶行列式的乘积，上述公式Carlitz和Olson的经典结果。     

高斯定理的理解与应用

文章论述了高斯定理源于库仑定律，依赖于场强叠加原理，场强通量与场线通量均遵从高斯定理；高斯面上的场强是其内外所考虑的电荷产生的合场强；构建体系高斯面，局部高斯面求解场强问题。     

Environmental Sustainability and Social Work: A Rural Australian Evaluation of Incorporating Eco-Social Work in Field Education

Climate change poses significant threat to the wellbeing of global society. Addressing this change has as yet generated no fixed blueprint for social work practice and education. This paper reports on a formative evaluation of one Australian initiative to address this transformative opening in social work field education. Prompted by service users' and workers' experience of the impact of drought, a rurally located social work course team amended the field education curriculum to include a focus on Environment and Sustainability. This learning goal was added to the existing learning goals derived from the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW) Practice Standards. Students and field supervisors were surveyed on their experience of meeting this new learning goal. While most expressed confidence in understanding the concepts involved, they clearly lacked assurance in interpreting these in practice encounters. Considering their qualitative input suggests that this topic is making a transition from being on the margins of social work to becoming mainstream. Their open-ended responses indicate that the incorporation of environmental sustainability into practice is at a threshold stage of development. Further enactment of eco-social work at the local level is concluded to be supported by using a transformative learning framework in facilitating critical reflection and collaborative dialogue for effective change.     

清代两淮票盐制及其实态

发端于道光十年(1830)的两淮票盐制改革,是清代地方政府在面对盐业日益败坏的情况下做出的一种无奈选择。以陶澍为代表的盐政官僚希望通过改纲为票来实现推广盐业自由贸易、挽救淮盐颓废、打击私盐和确保国家盐课征收的目的。尽管改革确实在一定时期内和一定程度上发挥了积极作用,但由于受票法本身的缺陷和咸同兵燹的影响,改革最终以失败而告终。事实表明,制度的好坏除了取决于制度本身的优劣以外,同样也取决于制度的推广与执行情况。     

场:组织行为理论的一个新视角

以物理学场理论的基本概念和思维方法 ,讨论组织行为具有场的形态、性质 ,是一种尝试。组织行为场是复合场 ,由各类子场生成、耦合 ,其总体特征是共时性、非均匀性和协同性     

Fertility patterns of college graduates by field of study,US women born 1960–79

Building on recent European studies, we used the Survey of Income and Program Participation to provide the first analysis of fertility differences between groups of US college graduates by their undergraduate field of study. We used multilevel event-history models to investigate possible institutional and selection mechanisms linking field of study to delayed fertility and childlessness. The results are consistent with those found for Europe in showing an overall difference of 10 percentage points between levels of childlessness across fields, with the lowest levels occurring for women in health and education, intermediate levels for women in science and technology, and the highest levels for women in arts and social sciences. The mediating roles of the following field characteristics were assessed: motherhood employment penalties; percentage of men; family attitudes; and marriage patterns. Childlessness was higher among women in fields with a moderate representation of men, less traditional family attitudes, and late age at first marriage.     

“挑大梁”还是“搭把手”:中坚农民参与乡村治理的角色甄定

在推动组织振兴与乡村振兴同频共振的叙事中,中坚农民群体被寄予厚望,然而其参与乡村治理的角色甄定仍需实践验证。基于皖东南H县X镇的个案分析表明,特定乡村治理场域下的惯习(隐性文本与行动逻辑)、资本(有限优势与转化屏障)、位置(在任者的惯性与新进者的策略)导致村两委选举结果与中坚农民“挑大梁”的预期出现背离,而中坚农民以“搭把手”的方式深度嵌入支农项目建设却释放出善治效应,使其成为项目落地前的公意维护者和项目建设中的协调转圜者。在异质化特征明显的当代中国农村,中坚农民参与乡村治理究竟应该“挑大梁”还是“搭把手”,似乎也不该定于一尊,需在政策层面赋予中坚农民三重空间:一是把工商和农民的资源优势结合起来,形成利益共同体,确保获利空间;二是优化政策体系实现对中坚农民的全链条开放与吸纳,给予其决策空间;三是引导中坚农民的行为趋向超越单一的村干部竞聘与经济示范引领,更多拓展至村庄公共秩序领域,从而在乡村治理中壮大其行动空间。总之,中坚农民参与治理的角色功能不应该也不可能整齐划一,地方政府不必强行将其推向幕前,而更应根据治理场域和场景精准设计其嵌入方式的同时打破制度性桎梏。     

权力与时尚再生产——布迪厄文化消费理论再考察

本文从权力与权力关系的角度出发,对布迪厄文化消费理论的核心之一--时尚再生产理论进行考察。该理论基于以下两大主张：（1）时尚是生产场域与消费场域这两个相互独立的场域共同“协作”的结果;（2）权力关系贯穿于时尚与流行再生产的每一个环节。布迪厄指出,不论是生产场域还是消费场域都是斗争的场所,行动者在此为争夺合法性与卓越化而展开激烈的竞争。一方面,时尚生产场域具有相对自主性,权力斗争并不直接表现为阶级或阶层间的对立,并以迂回的方式参加社会权力的合法化和再生产斗争。另一方面,消费场域即指阶级场域或支配阶级场域。消费者在该场域中进行着无休止的分类斗争（阶级斗争）。权力关系直接反映了阶级关系。而且只有支配阶级才有权参加时尚与流行的再生产,中下阶层是无法加入此类卓越化游戏的,他们至多只能作为反衬而存在。反映统治阶级合法品味的时尚被广泛用来对下层阶级实施符号暴力。