关于经济学时间概念及经济时空分析框架的思考

经济学时间框架是一定经济学思想体系所依赖的时间背景条件,它限定着相应逻辑分析的解释边界。古典经济学的时间背景包括历史时间和作为资源的时间,新古典经济学的主要时间背景是机械力学的静态时间,演化和新制度经济学的时间背景转变到热力学与进化论交集的时间,而目前仍存在的尺度缺失制约着经济学的时空分析能力。作者认为,经济学应该学习借鉴相对论和社会学的时空观,补充构建基于即期相对时间并结合经济时空场域的新一代分析框架。新框架有利于经济学在分析现实世界中选用更合适的逻辑时间概念,突破传统静态分析范式,从只聚焦于均衡时点转变到真正关注过程。同时,放松过于严格的理性经济人假设条件,更好地达成主观与客观的一致性。     

社会建设评价指标体系理论框架研究

自十六届四中全会提出＂社会建设＂概念以来,社会建设相关理论与实践研究成为学术界讨论最为热烈的话题。但是,将社会建设评价指标体系作为一个领域却鲜有全面系统的研究。文章在厘定社会建设相关概念基础上,尝试构建社会建设评价指标体系的理论框架,以便为加强和推进社会建设工作提供理论性参考。     

Examining the Nursing Home Physical Environment Through Policy-Driven Culture Change

A critical need exists to challenge approaches to nursing home care due to rigid organizational factors and hospital-like culture. It has been argued that resident care needs to move toward a person-centered approach by addressing the organizational, social, and physical environments in nursing home facilities, a process often known as culture change. In response to this need, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has created funding for pay for performance (P4P) nursing home incentive programs to allow nursing home providers to receive CMS reimbursements for culture change in the facilities. Through care staff interviews, site observations, and a document review, this qualitative study assesses the impact of a Midwestern state P4P incentive program in three participating nursing homes. Using an environment and behavior (E-B) policy orientation framework, this study examines culture change through a focus on policy, the physical environment, place attachment, and social and psychological processes in the study settings.     

On estimating the distribution of data envelopment analysis efficiency scores: an application to nursing homes’ care planning process

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a deterministic econometric model for calculating efficiency by using data from an observed set of decision-making units (DMUs). We propose a method for calculating the distribution of efficiency scores. Our framework relies on estimating data from an unobserved set of DMUs. The model provides posterior predictive data for the unobserved DMUs to augment the frontier in the DEA that provides a posterior predictive distribution for the efficiency scores. We explore the method on a multiple-input and multiple-output DEA model. The data for the example are from a comprehensive examination of how nursing homes complete a standardized mandatory assessment of residents.     

Reliability acceptance sampling plans for the Weibull distribution under accelerated Type-I censoring

Type-I censored reliability acceptance sampling plans (RASPs) are developed for the Weibull lifetime distribution with unknown shape and scale parameters such that the producer and consumer risks are satisfied. It is assumed that the life test is conducted at an accelerated condition for which the acceleration factor (AF) is known, and each item is continuously monitored for failure. Sensitivity analyses are also conducted to assess the effect of the uncertainty in the assumed AF on the actual producer and consumer risks, and a method is developed for constructing RASPs that can accommodate the uncertainty in AF.     

Modified inference about the mean of the exponential distribution using moving extreme ranked set sampling

The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and the likelihood ratio test (LRT) will be considered for making inference about the scale parameter of the exponential distribution in case of moving extreme ranked set sampling (MERSS). The MLE and LRT can not be written in closed form. Therefore, a modification of the MLE using the technique suggested by Maharota and Nanda (Biometrika 61:601–606, 1974) will be considered and this modified estimator will be used to modify the LRT to get a test in closed form for testing a simple hypothesis against one sided alternatives. The same idea will be used to modify the most powerful test (MPT) for testing a simple hypothesis versus a simple hypothesis to get a test in closed form for testing a simple hypothesis against one sided alternatives. Then it appears that the modified estimator is a good competitor of the MLE and the modified tests are good competitors of the LRT using MERSS and simple random sampling (SRS).     

Variance estimation for the 2006 French housing survey

In the 2006 French housing survey, information is collected on many aspects of housing to describe the housing stock in France and the housing conditions of French households. The basic national sample results from a multistage sampling design. Complementary samples were selected to perform accurate estimations for socio-demographic domains. Some French regions proceeded to a regional and local extension of the national sample. The variance is estimated for a region with a regional and local extension of the basic national sample.     

弱势群体公法保护视野下的社会帮扶问题

弱势群体保护问题是当今社会,尤其是公法学界所面临的严峻课题。为了有效应对这一问题,应采用比较研究、实证研究、文献研究的方法,在继续完善传统公法意义上的相关保障性制度的基础上,积极构建弱势群体的社会帮扶制度。弱势群体的社会帮扶制度一方面以服务行政理论为理论依据,要求弱势群体保护由当下的“政治负责”向“社会负责”过渡;另一方面,社会帮扶制度又以公共服务理论为理论支撑,要求政府由高权强制型向怀柔服务型转变。在实践中,弱势群体的社会帮扶制度应遵循政府与社会“两条腿走路”的基本逻辑,而该制度的构建应秉承若干基本思路：破除观念束缚,培育和构建公民社会;丰富社会主体形式,弥补行政保障不足;完善其他社会帮扶途径。     

Synthetic double sampling s chart

This study proposes a synthetic double sampling s chart that integrates the double sampling (DS) s chart and the conforming run length chart. An optimization procedure is proposed to compute the optimal parameters of the synthetic DS s chart. The performance of the synthetic DS s chart is compared with other existing control charts for monitoring process standard deviation. The results show that the synthetic DS s chart is more effective for detecting increases in the process standard deviation for a wide range of shifts. An example is provided to illustrate the operation procedure of the synthetic DS s chart.     

Estimation of finite population mean in simple and stratified random sampling using two auxiliary variables

We propose an improved difference-cum-exponential ratio type estimator for estimating the finite population mean in simple and stratified random sampling using two auxiliary variables. We obtain properties of the estimators up to first order of approximation. The proposed class of estimators is found to be more efficient than the usual sample mean estimator, ratio estimator, exponential ratio type estimator, usual two difference type estimators, Rao (1991) estimator, Gupta and Shabbir (2008) estimator, and Grover and Kaur (2011) estimator. We use six real data sets in simple random sampling and two in stratified sampling for numerical comparisons.