Income Comparison as a Determining Mechanism of Class Identification: A Quantitative and Simulation Study Using Japanese Survey Data

This paper questions whether personal income comparison explains the distributive gap between income and class identification by exploring the following two issues: empirical validity of income comparison as the determinant of class identification, and theoretical validity of income comparison for the distributive gap. For the first issue, we conduct a statistical analysis using data from the Social Stratification and Social Mobility surveys (1975–2005), and the Stratification and Social Psychology-I survey (2010). We find that the criteria for choosing reference groups changed historically from residential proximity to occupational equality. In addition, income comparison with sensitive to lower-income possessors and a distorted perception of income difference significantly affected class identification, except for the year of 1985. The simulation analysis employed to examine the second issue clarified that income comparison with the above-mentioned features yields a less skewed distribution compared to that of class identification. The data also indicates that the empirical conditions of income are satisfied for realization of this result. Thus, we could ascertain empirical and theoretical validity of income comparison as explanation for the distributive gap between income and class identification.     

一类二阶拟线性微分方程的非振动定理

考虑二阶拟线性微分方程 :( |y′|α -1y′)′+q(t) |y|α -1y=0 ,获得了在 q(t)振动的条件下该方程非振动的一些充分 (必要 )条件 ,改进和推广了已有文献的结果     

主承销商责任的强化——兼谈二板市场的保荐人制

呼之欲出的二板市场不仅会带来证券市场架构的重大变化 ,也对在证券市场中起着关键作用的主承销商提出了更新更高的要求。纵观我国主承销商职责的演变 ,顺理成章地可以得出二板市场需要保荐人制度的结论     

士族门阀政治与九品中正制

士族集团形成于东汉 ,并于东汉后期作为第三种政治力量登上了历史舞台 ;庶族阶层的代表曹操终其一生对士族豪强实行抑制与打击的政策 ,但迫于形势 ,又不得不同时实行拉拢政策。正是由于曹氏集团对士族集团的拉拢与妥协 ,九品中正制得以创设 ,从而 ,为士族门阀制度的确立铺平了道路。     

大学新生班级凝聚力建设团体心理辅导方案设计

为了增强大学新生班级凝聚力,促进学生合作意识的培养,以马斯洛的需要层次理论、人际关系理论、社会心理学理论和团体心理咨询理论为指导,设计了大学新生班级凝聚力团体心理辅导方案,包括理念、目标、设置、具体方案设计、活动效果评价反馈和活动亮点展示几部分。     

新课堂模式实践中的成绩、问题与对策

新教学模式在导学案的编制和使用、课堂展示、座位形式等方面存在亟需改进的地方,从要淡化形式、注重实效和校情出发,给出了对新课堂教学模式的特点进行总结,提出改进亲课堂模式相应的对策与建议。     

19世纪末20世纪初中国商人阶层的崛起

在漫长的中国封建社会中,商业被"贬之日末务",商人也位于"四民"之末,士农工商的地位归序似乎成了中国封建社会亘古不变的模式.然而到了19世纪末20世纪初,随着民族危机日益加深,"商战"呼之欲出,商人团体相继成立,商会诞生,商人政治意识提高并且对政治广泛参与,使商人的社会地位发生了根本性的变化.商人阶层坚持不懈地努力终于迎来了清政府自上而下的重商措施的出台.清延设立商部以指导商人组织,制定商律以规范商人行动,颁行一系列工商的法规以奖商恤商,一系列新经济政策的实施使社会舆论开始从抑商转为誉商,商人在社会上广受赞扬,官员也开始纷纷投资经商.所有这些,促进了中国新的绅商阶层的形成,并进而带动了整个商人阶层随之崛起.     

重庆市建设第二机场的发展战略研究

我国处于航空运输快速持续增长期,随着机场容量的不断扩大,机场对城市的发展产生了一定的影响。阐述目前江北机场的发展特征与问题,分析机场与城市发展的趋势及由此产生的问题,提出预留第二机场建设是城市未来发展的理想选择。     

The Influence of Race/Ethnicity and Gender on Psychological and Social Well-Being

Abstract

Psychological and social well-being was investigated, using a sample of non-disadvantaged African American men and women, and White men and women. Three standardized scales, the Generalized Contentment Scale, the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, and the Cohesion subscale of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale were used to measure well-being. The data were analyzed through t-test, ANOVA, and regression statistical procedures.

An association between race, gender and well-being was supported. More importantly, race was found to be the most important single variable in predicting levels of well-being. These results may support the continuing significance of race in the lives of African American individuals and families.     

Size doesn't matter: The fallacy of class-differential fertility in social mobility analysis

One of the key methodological and conceptual constraints in social mobility analysis has been how to differentiate between the 'core' pattern connecting social origins and destinations, and the effect of different distributions of origins and destinations across nations and time points. Conventional sociological wisdom has held that class differentials in family size (and occupational change) impose a significant constraint on the marginal distributions in a mobility table. Due to the logic of the random sampling process, middle class fathers with smaller families are under-represented in mobility tables. It is therefore necessary to approach mobility via the randomly sampled social destinations, rather than as a process moving chronologically from origins to destinations. However, a re-working of the Nuffield Mobility Study data-set is used to show that class differentials in fertility have virtually no effect. The explanation of this surprising finding is shown to lie in class size and the actual distribution of large and small families. The finding implies that if occupational change is left as the only process modifying marginal distributions, it deserves greater attention.