频率与投射在二语习得中的互补性

以频率为中心的二语习得理论认为,输入频率是影响第二语言习得顺序的重要因素,并对语言结构的能产性起着决定作用。投射假设则认为,语言习得并不完全以语言输入为基础,学习者对某个语言参数的习得往往蕴含着对另外一个相关参数的习得。频率和投射从不同的侧面揭示了第二语言习得的特点,在教学中恰当地利用这种互补有利于促进语言习得的进程,提高教学效率。     

《读书人是幸福人》说课设计

说课,是检验教师教学基本功的手段之一,它不同于一般的发言稿和课堂教学,它要求说者比较系统地介绍自己的教学设计及其理论依据(包括大纲依据、课程标准依据、教学法依据、教育学和心理学依据等),而不是宣讲教案,也不是浓缩课堂。它的核心在于说理,在于说清为什么要这样教,用什么理论来支持教学,说课的重点在于教学重点和教学难点的突破上。说案不同于教案。     

African American family life in societal context: Crisis and hope

Since 1965 hundreds of articles and books have been published about African American families. Nevertheless, our understanding of these families continues to be limited. There is a tendency to gloss over important within-group differences; thus, monolithic, stereotypic and inaccurance portrayals of Black family life are common. This paper sets aside debates of Black family pathology or viability, focusing instead on these families' essential character. The paper seeks to understand Black families on their own terms, locating them in relevant social, historical, political and cultural contexts. Key empirical patterns and trends reveal dramatic changes in Black family geographic location, headship, quality of life and socioeconomic status since 1950.A complex picture is revealed. There has been gradual but steady overall improvement alongside persistent, extreme racial disparties and pronounced class disparities among Black families. The proposed Black Family Socio-Ecological Context model specifies and connects institutional, interpersonal, environmental, temporal and cultural facts that shape the essential character of Black family life in such a way as to produce characteristics simultaneously shared and idiosyncratic. The model also provides an organized, systematic accounting of research and public policy issues relevant to the study of African American families.An early version co-authored with Richard A. English was presented during the National Council on Family Relations Meetings in Portland, Oregon, October 1980.     

中产阶层的法律行为方式与和谐社会构建

和谐社会是建立在社会主义市场经济经济基础之上,以社会秩序的和谐稳定为整体目标,以社会利益关系的合理配置、人际利益关系协调整合为核心内容,以民主法治、公平正义和平等自由为价值依归的社会秩序状态。和谐社会在形式方面表现为人与人之间、人与自然之间关系的稳定性、进程的连续性、主体行为的规范性、财产和心理的安全性等。其实质方面意味着社会利益的公平合理配置和整合,社会利益冲突按照民主法治的原则和机制得以公平合理的解决,进而实现多元社会利益动态综合平衡。中产阶层的法律行为方式具有理性化、讲平等、重诚信、守法度等特点,它对于构建和谐社会、缓和与消解社会矛盾和冲突具有重要社会功能。     

A relation for the covariances of order statistics from n independent and non-identically distributed random variables

We derive a simple relation satisfied by the covariances of order statistics in the i.i.d. case and then generalize it to the case when the variables are independent and non-identically distributed. This relation could be employed successfully either to check the calculations or to reduce the amount of direct computations involved in evaluating the covariances of order statistics from an outlier model.     

Two point priors and Γ-minimax estimating in families of uniform distributions

It is shown that when a parameter lying in a sufficiently small interval is to be estimated in a family of uniform distributions, a two point prior is least favourable under squared error loss. The unique Bayes estimator with respect to this prior is minimax. The Γ-minimax estimator is derived for sets Γ of priors consisting of all priors that give fixed probabilities to two specified subintervals of the parameter space if a two point prior is least favourable in Γ.     

Estimation of critical points in the mixture inverse Gaussian model

The maximum likelihood estimation for the critical points of the failure rate and the mean residual life function are presented in the case of mixture inverse Gaussian model. Several important data sets are analyzed from this point of view. For each of the data sets, Bootstrapping is used to construct confidence intervals of the critical points.     

二维GPSJ分布类及其在保险中的应用

本文给出的二维GPSJ分布类(即GPSJ2)在保险领域应用范围较广,如由机动车辆保险由财产损失索赔次数和人身伤亡索赔次数所组成的模型、超额再保险中的由自留保单数和分出报单数所组成的二维模型等。本文在GPSJ1类基础上研究二维GPSJ类,本文给出了此分布类的定义、背景意义、概率计算的递推公式,同时还对各参数的最大似然估计值的求解过程进行了分析。本文最后将这一模型应用于一组机动车辆赔付次数数据,考虑了由财产损失索赔次数、人身伤亡索赔次数组成的二维模型,拟合效果令人满意。     

中国特色“双一流”大学建设的逻辑根据与路径选择

中国特色"双一流"大学建设有必要从学理上深入分析扎根中国大地办学的逻辑根据,从而找到有效的建设路径。为此,笔者对国外大学崛起成为世界一流大学的历史规律进行了考察,认为传承优秀民族文化是建设中国特色"双一流"大学的深层基因,回应国家战略是建设中国特色"双一流"大学的内在需求,融入民族复兴"中国梦"是建设世界一流大学的神圣使命,构建中国特色学科体系是建设"双一流"大学的强力支撑。因此,扎根中国大地建设中国特色"双一流"大学的路径选择应当是：把"立德树人"作为大学改革发展的根本任务,把传承创新民族文化作为大学改革发展的精神内核,把服务国家战略需求作为大学改革发展的根本追求,把办好人民满意的教育作为大学改革发展的自觉目标,把一流学科和一流师资建设作为大学改革发展的重要抓手。     

我国中等收入群体比重及其特征

中等收入群体的界定标准、规模和特征一直是学术界关注的焦点。在回顾和评述现有各种界定标准的基础上,建议采用全球所有国家收入中位数的67%~200%作为定义我国中等收入群体的上下限。研究发现,近些年我国中等收入群体比重在逐渐提高,从2002年的10%上升到2016年的28.9%,这主要源于我国居民整体收入水平的提高而不是收入分配格局的变化。要扩大我国中等收入群体比重,保持中高速增长至关重要,政策的重点是提“低”而不是限“高”,同时要防范现有的中等收入群体跌落为低收入群体。中等收入群体主要分布在城市地区,收入来源主要是工资性收入,储蓄率偏高,受教育水平明显高于低收入者和贫困人口。中等收入群体的标准下限附近分布着规模客观的低收入者,他们是扩大中等收入者比重的潜在来源,应是政策瞄准的主要对象。