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171.
Stephen J. Robson Hassan Vally Abdel-Latif Mohamed Maggie Yu Elizabeth M. Westrupp 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2017,30(6):506-510
Background
The proportion of babies born by caesarean section in Australia has almost doubled over the last 25 years. Factors known to contribute to caesarean such as higher maternal age, mothers being overweight or obese, or having had a previous caesarean do not completely account for the increased rate and it is clear that other influences exist.Aim
To identify previously unsuspected risk factors associated with caesarean using nationally-representative data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children.Methods
Data were from the birth cohort, a long-term prospective study of approximately 5000 children that includes richly-detailed data regarding maternal health and exposures during pregnancy. Logistic regression was used to examine the contribution of a wide range of pregnancy, birth and social factors to caesarean.Findings
28% of 4862 mothers were delivered by caesarean. The final adjusted analyses revealed that use of diabetes medication (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.7–5.5, p < 0.001) and maternal mental health problems during pregnancy (OR = 1.3, CI = 1.1–1.6, p = 0.003) were associated with increased odds of caesarean. Young maternal age (OR = 0.6, CI = 0.5–0.7, p < 0.001), having two or more children (OR = 0.7, CI = 0.6–0.9, p < 0.001), and fathers having an unskilled occupation (OR = 0.7, CI = 0.6–1.0, p = 0.036) were associated with reduced odds of caesarean.Conclusion
Our findings raise the prospect that the effect of additional screening and support for maternal mental health on caesarean rate should be subject of prospective study. 相似文献172.
173.
大学的科层组织特征及效率--对我国公立大学内部治理结构的分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
我国公立大学的内部治理结构与其他国家高校的二元权力结构不同,表现为政治、行政、学术三元权力结构,此结构中因学术权力弱化,凸显政治与行政的"双子权力系统".通过分析我国公立大学"双子权力系统"在运行过程中所表现的特征,可说明该结构摩擦系数较大,而降低摩擦系数面对的制度约束并非简单地取其一而舍其一.当前制度可提供的当期选择是合理而有效地整合,并以此实现公立大学的低成本运作. 相似文献
174.
车自行 《上海大学学报(社会科学版)》2005,12(1):73-76
我国电视基层生产制度经历了由"科组制"发展到"栏目制片人制"再发展到"独立制片人制"与"栏目制片人制"并存的过程.就现实情况而言,"栏目制片人制"仍然是电视基层生产的主体制度.要优化"栏目制片人制",就必须从电视台如何"放权",栏目该怎样"用权"这两方面入手着力解决. 相似文献
175.
Jeni Stevens Virginia Schmied Elaine Burns Hannah G. Dahlen 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2018,31(6):453-462
Problem
Providing skin-to-skin contact in the operating theatre and recovery is challenging.Background
Barriers are reported in the provision of uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact following a caesarean section.Aim
To explore how health professionals’ practice impacts the facilitation of skin-to-skin contact within the first 2 h following a caesarean section.Methods
Video ethnographic research was conducted utilising video recordings, observations, field notes, focus groups and interviews.Findings
The maternal body was divided in the operating theatre and mothers were perceived as ‘separate’ from their baby in the operating theatre and recovery. Obstetricians’ were viewed to ‘own’ the lower half of women; anaesthetists were viewed to ‘own’ the top half and midwives were viewed to ‘own’ the baby after birth. Midwives’ responsibility for the baby either negatively or positively affected the mother's ability to ‘own’ her baby, because midwives controlled what maternal-infant contact occurred. Mothers desired closeness with their baby, including skin-to-skin contact, however they realised that ‘owning’ their baby in the surgical environment could be challenging.Discussion
Health professionals’ actions are influenced by their environment and institutional regulations. Further education can improve the provision of skin-to-skin contact after caesarean sections. Skin-to-skin contact can help women remain with their baby and obtain a sense of control after their caesarean section.Conclusion
Providing skin-to-skin contact in the first 2 h after caesarean sections has challenges. Despite this, health professionals can meet the mother's desire to ‘own’ her baby by realising they are one entity, encouraging skin-to-skin contact and avoiding maternal and infant separation. 相似文献176.
《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2020,33(2):e105-e110
BackgroundEgypt has the third highest caesarean section rate (54%) in the world and lacks a standard classification system to analyse caesarean section rates. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the Robson classification as an effective caesarean section analysis and monitoring tool.AimTo analyse the caesarean section rate of Benha University Hospital, Egypt using the standard 10-Group Robson classification system.MethodA prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Benha University Hospital from 1 April to 30 June 2018. All women admitted for childbirth were categorised into Robson groups to determine the absolute and relative contribution made by each group to the overall caesarean section rate. Epi Data V.3.1 software programme was used to analyse the data.Findings850 women gave birth during the study period, 466 (55%) by caesarean section (CS). Robson Group 5 (multiparous, term, cephalic presentation and previous caesarean section) contributed the most (36%) to the overall CS rate. 175/308 (56%) women in this group had previously undergone one caesarean section. Group 6 (all nulliparous women with single breech pregnancy) and Group10 (cephalic preterm pregnancies) were the second and the third greatest contributors toward the overall CS rate, with 4.6% and 2.8% respectively.ConclusionsIn keeping with other studies, Groups 5, 6, and 10 were the main contributors to the overall caesarean section rate. We found Robson classification to be clinically relevant and an effective tool to analyse the caesarean section rate even in settings with limited resources. 相似文献
177.
带缓和曲线的大偏角长大曲线 实用测设方法研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
带缓和曲线的大偏角长大曲线在实际测设中,为了避免由于曲线过长造成
的测设误差,通常采用双交点或多交点分段测设的方法进行测设.本文提出了一种
用双交点测设的实用、简便、快速的测设方法,并给出了计算示例. 相似文献
178.
再论历史地理研究中的“区域”问题 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鲁西奇 《武汉大学学报(人文科学版)》2000,(2)
地区多样性包括景观的多样性以及历史发展道路、模式的多样性。地理环境、政区、经济类型、移民、城市发展以及地方特权、方言、风俗是影响多样性区域之生成、演变的重要因素。地区多样性与中国历史发展的总体构架和走向有着密切的关系。建立连续的区域历史地理剖面是区域历史地理研究的重要思路。对区域历史地理剖面的考察可以从人口分布及其变动、土地利用方式、居住方式以及方言、风俗等几方面展开。 相似文献
179.
罗小兰 《海南大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2007,25(5):532-536
城乡收入差距不断扩大对社会公正及经济可持续发展提出了严峻的挑战。论题采用2005年省际横截面数据,探讨了最低工资对城乡收入差距的作用。研究表明,最低工资标准缩小城乡收入差距作用存在一个临界值。当前我国最低工资标准远未达到该临界值,是缩小城乡收入差距的重要途径。然而,由于标准过低及执行不力,我国最低工资缩小城乡收入差距的作用没有得到充分发挥。 相似文献
180.
王建 《合肥工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2007,21(1):61-64
文章指出提高副刊版面的新闻性是高校校报副刊保持生机与活力的源泉所在;新闻性与文艺性的有机结合是办好校报副刊的关键;校报编辑对副刊应从内容和版式两个方面进行策划,增强副刊版面的新闻性,以吸引更多的读者. 相似文献