试论民族语言的文化学意义

民族语言是文化的载体 ,又是民族文化的表现形式之一 ,是一定民族的精神创造活动的结果 ,揭示其潜在的文化内涵 ,具有十分重要的文化学意义。本文只撷取其中的几个侧面 ,进行尝试性论述。     

Emerging adult identity following adolescent experiences with psychotropic medications: A retrospective study

This study examines the perceptions of mental illness identity among a group of emerging adults based on their retrospective experiences with diagnoses and psychotropic medication use during their earlier formative adolescent years. A short questionnaire was administered via online social media platforms to volunteers between the ages of 19 and 30 and who self-identified as having taken psychotropic medication between the ages of 12 and 18 (N = 46). Correlation analysis revealed that several variables were associated with a stronger illness identity, including participant’s happiness with their medication experiences, the belief that medication made them more like their “true” selves, and the belief that their diagnosis was accurate. Content analysis of participant narratives suggested themes related to discontinuation and barriers to adherence. These results contribute to the growing knowledge base around lived experiences of psychiatric medication use and suggest further study on how to advance more informed and compassionate mental health care.     

Totally tall sounds totally younger: Intensification at the socio‐semantics interface

In two social perception experiments, we explore the relationship between the social meaning and the semantic/pragmatic properties of the intensifier totally in American English. In Experiment 1, we show that totally is perceived as a more salient index of social identity categories – measured in terms of Age, Solidarity and Status attributes – when it targets a scalar dimension grounded in the speaker's attitude, as opposed to when it occurs in contexts where the scale is provided by the subsequent predicate. In Experiment 2, we show that the social indexicality of totally is even more salient in contexts in which the intensifier, by virtue of its pragmatic contribution, invites a stance of heightened proximity and convergence between the interlocutors. These results point to a principled connection between the semantic, pragmatic and personality‐based social meanings of totally, providing new insights into the dynamics whereby different layers of meaning conspire to determine what an expression ‘says’ when deployed in interaction.     

“给力”的隐喻性语义泛化及其语境意义构建

"给力"通过语义隐喻、语义抽象和语义含混三个阶段,形成最终的泛化含义。     

论留日“浙江潮”对中国新文学的催生意义

在中国新文学发生前后,曾涌动一股声势颇壮的留日"浙江潮",其间走出一大批对中国新文学作出重大建树的作家。这些作家从日本汲取异域新风,在新文学"前夜"已向"现代"方向发起有力的冲击,在新文学诞生阶段期其主导文学新潮的实质性意义更充分凸显,从中显示出他们对中国新文学的一种催生意义。     

“汩”之音义关系考——兼论古书混淆“汩”“汨”字形之误

＂汩＂与＂汨＂本不同字形,但由于都与水有关,又加上篆书隶变的原因,古籍多有混淆。＂汩＂之音有三：＂于笔切＂、＂古忽切＂、＂胡骨切＂。古代辞书中＂汩＂之音义搭配有时出现龃龉现象,原因是＂于笔切＂、＂古忽切＂、＂胡骨切＂三音实为一声之转,其最初读音为＂于笔切＂,最初的基本意义为＂治水＂,＂沉迷＂、＂疾行＂、＂水流＂、＂光洁貌＂、＂涌波＂等都是其引申的结果。汉语中,＂汩汩＂,同＂＂,表＂水流动的声音或样子＂,本应读＂于笔切＂,即＂yùyù＂,由于受俗音＂古忽切＂的影响,今音已约定俗成,读为＂ɡǔɡǔ＂。     

Risk and Quantification: A Linguistic Study

In risk analysis and research, the concept of risk is often understood quantitatively. For example, risk is commonly defined as the probability of an unwanted event or as its probability multiplied by its consequences. This article addresses (1) to what extent and (2) how the noun risk is actually used quantitatively. Uses of the noun risk are analyzed in four linguistic corpora, both Swedish and English (mostly American English). In total, over 16,000 uses of the noun risk are studied in 14 random (n = 500) or complete samples (where n ranges from 173 to 5,144) of, for example, news and magazine articles, fiction, and websites of government agencies. In contrast to the widespread definition of risk as a quantity, a main finding is that the noun risk is mostly used nonquantitatively. Furthermore, when used quantitatively, the quantification is seldom numerical, instead relying on less precise expressions of quantification, such as high risk and increased risk. The relatively low frequency of quantification in a wide range of language material suggests a quantification bias in many areas of risk theory, that is, overestimation of the importance of quantification in defining the concept of risk. The findings are also discussed in relation to fuzzy‐trace theory. Findings of this study confirm, as suggested by fuzzy‐trace theory, that vague representations are prominent in quantification of risk. The application of the terminology of fuzzy‐trace theory for explaining the patterns of language use are discussed.     

论名词性隐喻的评价意义生成机制——基于“概念合成”和“认知语境”视角

对于具体语境下隐喻的评价意义生成机制,"互动"论和"双域映射"论都缺乏足够的解释力,而Fauconnier的概念合成理论则可以提供较为合理的解释。从概念合成的角度来看,名词性隐喻的评价意义源于"两输入空间有选择地投射部分元素入合成空间",而句子的主位结构、信息结构以及认知语境是选择投射元素的主要依据。     

从句类型和任务类型对外语学习者组句能力的影响

任务类型和从句类型对外语学习者的组句能力有一定影响。任务类型包括合并句子和组句改错两个部分。从句类型由关系从句、状语从句和名词性从句构成。重复测量方差分析表明,任务类型和从句类型对外语学习者组句能力均有主效应,但是他们之间有显著的交互作用。交互作用分析表明,在合并句子中,状语从句显著好于关系从句,但是在组句改错中,两者无显著性差别。状语从句与名词性从句在合并句子中无显著性差别,但是在组句改错中,两者有显著性差别。     

原型理论对介词空间意义的多义性研究--以介词in为例

传统的“任意观”认为,介词的不同义项之间毫无联系,介词的多个义项是一堆分散的语义项集合。通过对介词in的原型意义确定,到各义项的派生形成过程,再到各义项之间的关系的逐一解释,发现：介词in的多个义项是有联系的,其多个义项由原型意义派生形成,相互之间以原型意义为中心呈辐射分布。认知语言学原型理论分析介词多义现象更具理据性。