建设工程质量政府监督机构绩效评价的探讨

目的/意义当前我国建筑业进入存量竞争时代,尽管国家不断提高监管水平,但重压之下因施工企业违规操作而导致的建筑安全悲剧仍然频繁发生。如何提高建筑质量监管效果成为学界关注的热点。设计/方法考虑招投标阶段业主与施工企业之间关于施工质量的信息不对称,以及声誉效应对施工企业市场行为的约束作用,建立了多周期声誉效应模型。分别对“散兵游击”式的散杂包工队和重视声誉效应约束的正规企业进行博弈分析。最后以绵阳盘江大桥垮塌事件为案例,对理论结果加以验证。结论/发现在不考虑多周期声誉效应条件下,当对施工企业的违规处罚小于其违规所获“超额利润”时,单独依靠加大监管力度无法约束施工企业的市场行为,监管失灵。在考虑声誉效应条件下,施工方“偷工减料”行为会导致未来期收益降低,起到了规范市场行为的作用。     

Strategic Grading in the Product Acquisition Process of a Reverse Supply Chain

Most recommerce providers have moved to a quality‐dependent process for the acquisition of used products. They acquire the products via websites at which product holders submit upfront quality statements and receive quality‐dependent acquisition prices for their used devices. Motivated by this development of reverse logistics practice, the aim of this study is to analyze the product assessment process of a recommerce provider in detail. To this end, we first propose a sequential bargaining model with complete information which captures the individual behavior of the recommerce provider and the product holder. We determine the optimal strategies of the product holder and the recommerce provider in this game. We find that the resulting strategies lead to an efficient allocation, although the recommerce provider can absorb most of the bargaining potential due to his last mover advantage. In a second step, we relax the assumption of complete information and include uncertainty about the product holder's valuation of the product. We show the trade‐off underlying the recommerce provider's optimal counteroffer decision and analyze the optimal strategy, using a logistic regression approach on a real‐life dataset of nearly 6,000 product submissions. The results reveal a significant improvement potential, compared to the currently applied strategy.     

Product Introduction Strategies under Sequential Innovation for Durable Goods with Network Effects

When network effects are important and technology is rapidly improved, this study explores the relative optimality of five product introduction strategies of a durable goods manufacturer: (1) replacement, (2) skipping, (3) a delayed line, (4) shelving, and (5) line‐extension. Using a two‐period analytical model, we show how the type of compatibility—either full or backward compatibility—and the magnitude of the network effect influence the manufacturer's preference for the above strategies. Our analysis reveals that only the strategies (1)–(3) above can be optimal; and the optimal strategy varies with network strength. Further, the type of compatibility can dramatically change the profitability under each optimal strategy; for instance, while backward compatibility can increase the profitability of replacement under certain conditions, it always reduces the profitability of a delayed line. We also illustrate that if compatibility were a choice, although backward compatibility may be observed widely in practice, the parametric region for its optimality is relatively more restricted than that of full compatibility.     

英汉句法结构差异的认知分析

句法象似性为英汉句法结构差异研究提供了一个新视角。时间顺序原则、空间顺序原则、话题象似性原则在英汉语句法中的凸现呈不对称现象,中西认知差异是英汉句法差异的原因,其认知差异有其文化渊源。     

象似性理论与汉语语法教学

汉语语法教学引入语法象似性理论,有助于解决汉语语法教学所面临的基本问题—投入大,产出少,效益低。它不仅化抽象为具体,而且联系学生已有的知识,更容易达到教学目的。引入的基本途径为：引入距离象似性,解决语言单位相互间距离的远近问题;引入数量象似性,解决语言单位数量与信息量的关系问题;引入顺序象似性,解决语言单位的排列顺序问题,等等。     

新闻标题的象似性分析

象似性理论的主要原则（映像象似、拟象象似和隐喻象似等）在新闻标题的句子结构、修辞、字体、排版等方面都有体现。运用象似性理论分析新闻标题,有助于帮助读者理解新闻标题的语言特点,挖掘更多新闻背后隐含的意义。     

语言意义的象似表征

意义的象似表征理论动摇了索绪尔语言学中任意性的定律.根据皮尔斯的符号学理论,分析了语言意义象似表征的理论基础及象似的标准,介绍了皮尔斯符号学理论在语言象似性研究中的地位及应用,指出语言的意义是通过从次象似符到真象似符的连续体上的某一象似符来表征的,并在语篇层面上通过内指象似(即语篇内部的象似)和外指象似(即语篇外部的象似)阐述了语言意义的表征过程;介绍了语篇间的象似性(即互文性),结合语用象似的观点,分析了意义在传递过程中的象似性.     

Clustering for contingency tables: boxes and partitions

The correspondence analysis (CA) method appears to be an effective tool for analysis of interrelations between rows and columns in two-way contingency data. A discrete version of the method, box clustering, is developed in the paper using an approximation version of the CA model extended to the case when CA factor values are required to be Boolean. Several properties of the proposed SEFIT-BOX algorithm are proved to facilitate interpretation of its output. It is also shown that two known partitioning algorithms (applied within row or column sets only) could be considered as locally optimal algorithms for fitting the model, and extensions of these algorithms to a simultaneous row and column partitioning problem are proposed.     

地区电子政务及其发展环境的阶段模型

构建地区电子政务及其发展环境之阶段模型,主要是阐明地区电子政务如何定位、如何定义需求以及如何进行策略设计的问题。我国的电子政务是一个需要分阶段实施的长期战略,其发展任重道远;同时我国地区差别大,在不同地区的不同发展环境下电子政务的需求不同,应采用不同的发展策略。     

语言非任意性的语用考察

非任意性是任意性的反题,主要包括理据性和象似性。作为语言符号的重要原则,它体现在语言系统的诸多层面。就语用而言,非任意性能对语言运用情况进行全新解释,具体表现为语用理据和语用象似。在理论建构的基础上,实例分析了一些典型的言语行为事件,结果表明非任意性理论可以解释许多看似任意的语用现象,并能取得以简驭繁的整体效果。