“健康丝绸之路”构建的“政府—社会”复合路径

借鉴社会运动理论,可探索一种融合了政府自上而下和社会自下而上进程的“政府—社会”复合路径,以构建“健康丝绸之路”。社会运动理论的三种视角可为这种复合路径的具体实施与需要关注的环节带来重要启发：首先,当前新冠肺炎疫情的跨国传播暴露了全球公共卫生治理体系存在的严重不足,凸显出构建补充型国际卫生合作模式的必要性与紧迫性;其次,推进“健康丝绸之路”的构建,需要政府和社会层面的协作,将“一带一路”沿线国家的资源充分调动起来,形成优势互补与资源共享。与此同时,要推进健康话语体系的完善,如倡导和促进“人类卫生健康共同体”理念的传播,通过话语和心理共鸣等民心相通的途径,促使国际社会采取联合行动以共同应对全球公共卫生危机。     

马克思社会革命思想的理论阐释及其当代意义

以斗争为生命要素的马克思是一位伟大的革命家。在唯物史观和政治经济学批判的双重运思中,马克思确证了社会革命是“政治的最高行动”“天下最权威的东西”和“人民权利的法律根据”,同时还回应了工业革命和资本逻辑背景之下反对旧的社会关系和联合的革命行动何以可能的问题。在马克思的致思理路中,他先后聚焦物质利益、异化劳动、生产力和交往形式之间的矛盾、劳动和资本的关系而分别阐发了他的社会革命思想。马克思的社会革命思想是与众不同的,它既是革命理念与革命行动、政治革命与社会革命、经济革命与人类解放、阶级革命与民族解放相统一的总体性革命,又是历史地回应时代之问的人民革命。在新时代,我们必须高扬马克思的社会革命思想和精神,在理论上肃清消解、否弃、拒斥革命的误识,在实践中继续推进伟大的社会革命和自我革命。     

社会信任、法律环境与企业社会责任绩效

社会信任作为一种重要的非正式制度,对企业履行社会责任的行为具有深远影响。以2010—2019年沪深A股上市公司为样本,检验了社会信任对企业社会责任绩效的影响。研究结果表明:社会信任水平越高的地区,企业的社会责任绩效越好;这种促进作用在法律环境相对不完善的地区更为显著。进一步研究发现,社会信任还有效提高了企业社会责任的信息披露质量,并显著改善了企业履行社会责任效率。上述研究结果表明,社会信任作为一种重要的非正式制度,对促进企业社会责任履行产生了积极影响,并能弥补诸如法律环境等的不足来提升社会责任绩效。因此,监管部门在不断完善法律环境的同时,也应关注地区社会信任等非正式制度对企业社会责任履行的促进作用,提升企业社会责任绩效。     

关系化用工:农业规模经营的社会基础

农业规模经营是中国乡村振兴进程中的关键议题。农业规模经营在快速发展的同时也呈现出用工效益的差异,从而使一些规模农业经营主体陷入困境。采用嵌入性视角探讨农业规模经营中用工模式嵌入社会关系的逻辑及其影响。研究发现,农业规模经营陷入困境的主要原因在于市场化用工无法有效解决农业规模经营中的劳动监督问题。而将市场规则嵌入关系规则的关系化用工使得雇佣双方产生了利他倾向,进而在很大程度上调动了工人内在的劳动积极性,从而使农业规模经营主体摆脱经营失败困境。关系化用工的实现依赖于农业规模经营主体在用工选择、生产管理和日常生活中充分发挥社会关系的积极作用,但社会关系范围和程度都是有限度的。因此,农业规模经营的健康发展不仅需要处理好经济关系,而且需要处理好社会关系。     

农户防范返贫:应该更关注人力资本还是社会资本?

基于部分中国家庭追踪调查微观数据,利用多维返贫测算方法识别返贫农户,实证检验了人力资本和社会资本在农户防范返贫中的效应和机制。研究发现:(1)人力资本和社会资本均是防范农户多维返贫的重要因素,但从返贫效应的视角看,人力资本防范返贫的影响更大,是巩固拓展农村脱贫攻坚成果的关键资本。(2)机制分析中,人力资本能发挥迁移效应,通过劳动力流动的部分中介作用防范农户返贫,而社会资本能发挥信息获取和抵押品效应,通过创业的部分中介作用防范农户返贫。(3)人力资本降低了农户在收入、医疗、生活维度的返贫发生概率,社会资本则降低了收入、医疗维度的返贫发生概率。(4)两类资本的防范返贫效应存在区域差异,人力资本显著降低东部和西部农户返贫发生概率,而社会资本显著降低了东部和中部农户返贫发生概率。     

社会共生秩序的构建与更新

针对城乡地域共生状态发生的蜕变与更迭,通过对共生理念概念的解析,研究新时代社会共生秩序的构建策略。研究认为,共生秩序构建中存在社会认同有待加强、价值动力有待提升、公共供给阶层性差异矛盾需要缓解等挑战; 构建和创新共生秩序,需要保持人情秩序、法治秩序的现代化适应与更新,推动人情秩序向制度规范领域发展,利用法律形式的正义确定社会群体的权利关系,以适当性、必要性、均衡性原则所构成的位阶秩序来引导社会共生秩序建构,位阶秩序全链接、多价标的流程成为适应新时代社会秩序良性发展、人与自然和谐共生的秩序新构造。     

人际信任的自我削弱与熟人社会变迁

接续阶层分化的研究路径,从农民互惠博弈内生视角出发,构建"人际信任-熟人社会"的分析框架,以揭示熟人社会变迁的微观动力机制。研究认为,小农经济的生产形态与农耕文明时期低社会生产力水平以致农民长期面临生存威胁之间的张力,催生了广布于乡村社会的互惠网络,农民人际信任的自我增强与经济互助及道德声誉制度的自我实施相互作用,生成并维系传统熟人社会及其发展。市场性的输入以经济分化和农民离村为着力点打破了这一继替格局。农民摆脱生存威胁后,其互惠付出意愿降低,进而影响博弈双方的行为选择。当信任的自我削弱使农民的制度化信念发生质变时,熟人社会逐步解体趋势难以逆转。流动性社会中,基于连接性社会网络建立新型农村社区,是乡村社会发展的重要方向。     

Origins and destinies: Immigration to the United States since World War II

Contemporary immigration to the United States and the formation of new ethnic groups are the complex and unintended social consequences of the expansion of the nation to its post-World War II position of global hegemony. Immigrant communities in the United States today are related to a history of American military, political, economic, and cultural involvement and intervention in the sending countries, especially in Asia and the Caribbean Basin, and to the linkages that are formed in the process that open a variety of legal and illegal migration pathways. The 19.8 million foreign-born persons counted in the 1990 U.S. census formed the largest immigrant population in the world, though in relative terms, only 7.9% of the U.S. population was foreign-born, a lower proportion than earlier in this century. Today's immigrants are extraordinarily diverse, a reflection of polar-opposite types of migrations embedded in very different historical and structural contexts. Also, unlike the expanding economy that absorbed earlier flows from Europe, since the 1970s new immigrants have entered an hourglass economy with reduced opportunities for social mobility, particularly among the less educated, and new waves of refugees have entered a welfare state with expanded opportunities for public assistance. This paper seeks to make sense of the new diversity. A typology of contemporary immigrants is presented, and their patterns of settlement, their distinctive social and economic characteristics compared to major native-born racial-ethnic groups, and their different modes of incorporation in—and consequences for—American society are considered.     

Political theater and student organizations in the 1989 Chinese movement: A multivariate analysis of Tiananmen

Social movement research has often been divided between organizational and cultural analyses of collective action. Organizationally oriented theorists have viewed indigenous organizational structure as the critical variable in the emergence of collective action. Political culture and cultural frame theorists have focused instead on the cultural frames that resonate with audiences, mobilizing them to action. But social movements cannot be the result of one or the other of these factors. An analysis of the 1989 Chinese movement illuminates the multivariate aspects of this social movement. This movement was a two-tiered movement with an organized student leadership tier and a mass audience. Enmeshed in university organizations and student networks, the student leaders relied on an organizational structure that had been emerging since the mid-1980s. This organized leadership tier employed cultural symbols and acts to mobilize mass audiences that were beyond the scope of the students' organizational linkages. The political theater of the organized student leaders was complemented by institutional changes that had been occurring over the decade of reform in China and a political opportunity that allowed wide coverage of the students' activities.     

佛山社会保险制度改革：成绩·问题·建议

十年来佛山市对社会保险制度不断进行深层的改革,为全国社会保险制度改革作出了可贵的探索,被誉为“佛山模式”．课题组的调查研究表明,佛山现行的社会保险制度仍然存在一些问题,仍然适应不了经济改革与社会发展的需要,必须对之进行更进一步的改革。