Transit justice as spatial justice: learning from activists

ABSTRACT

The provision of mass urban transit is frequently tied to agendas of social justice and equity. Yet there are persistent challenges to locating justice within urban mobility regimes. Drawing on two cases of transit activism – Free Transit Toronto and Black Lives Matter in the San Francisco Bay Area – this paper identifies three limitations to transport justice scholarship and practice, namely the theorization of mobility, space, and justice. These activist struggles demonstrate that justice cannot be adequately defined through an abstract accounting of how harms and benefits are distributed, but also concerns the contextual and conflictual processes of producing space and subjects.     

SPECIAL ISSUE： REGIONAL CONVERGENCE AND COORDINATED URBAN GROWTH Spatial Spillovers and the Convergence of Regional Economic Growth： A Case Study Based on the Yangtze River Delta

空间俱乐部趋同是指经济增长初始条件和结构特征相似且空间上相邻的一组区域的经济增长收敛于相同的稳态,是区域经济增长俱乐部趋同的一个新研究领域,其发生机制是空间外溢促成区域经济出现地方化增长,进而导致空间俱乐部趋同。运用包含空间外溢的区域经济增长理论模型可以证明,空间外溢有可能导致空间俱乐部趋同。对中国长江三角洲1990--2007年区域经济增长过程所做的经验分析也表明,空间外溢对区域经济增长确有影响,空间俱乐部趋同客观存在。在考虑空间外溢的情况下,长江三角洲的空间俱乐部趋同速度为1．57％。     

基于行业人口的广东省区域空间结构分析

以核心-边缘理论为基础,采用各行业门类人口的统计资料,运用主成分分析和聚类分析的方法,对广东省124个县、市、区的空间结构特征进行了分析,认为第一核心区主要分布在珠江三角洲和大城市的中心区,第二核心区主要分布在第一核心区的周围和一些中等城市的中心区,向上过渡区主要分布在珠江三角洲的外围和各中小城市中心,向下过渡区则主要分布在粤北、粤西等地区,资源边疆区分布在广大边远的县级行政区。随后将广东省各区域分为6种类型分析了其区域空间结构形态特征,结果认为广东省的各区域以聚集形结构形态为主,同时在珠江三角洲地区形成了扩散性结构形态,从广东省总体来看,还没有形成均衡性的结构形态。     

Who moves and who stays? Rural out-migration in Nigeria

Data from the nationally representative 1993 Migration and Urbanization Survey of Nigeria are used to simultaneously examine the patterns of rural-rural and rural-urban migration in Nigeria. A multinomial logistic regression model predicts the independent and collective association between individual, household, and regional variables and migration from rural areas to rural and urban destinations. Associations between education, religion and ethnicity and migration propensities exist at the national level. The Kanuri-Shua Arabs are generally non-migrants, the Hausa-Fulani and Yoruba are predominantly rural-rural migrants and the Igbo-Ibibio and Urhobo-Isoko-Edo are predominantly ruralurban migrants. Christians are significantly more mobile than Muslims. While the highly educated are most likely to choose an urban destination, a significant proportion migrate to other rural areas. Concern over population concentration is not supported, as rural migrants move to all regions and to urban and rural areas.     

嘉峪关市旅游人口特征研究

在对嘉峪关市游客进行抽样调查的基础上,采用Excel对原数据进行统计分析与计算,结果显示嘉峪关市客源的地理集中指数G为24.95,比一般的旅游城市或景点的G值大,说明嘉峪关市旅游人口的地域分布相当分散。游客中以男性居多,年龄分布主要集中在26到60岁之间,公务员、企事业单位管理人员和职员、学生占了相当大的比重。出游游客中以中等收入以上水平为主,游客出游时多信息了解渠道、多旅游动机,旅游决策亦呈多样化。出游方式中参团旅游者占了相当大的比例,交通方式也呈多样化。游客行为空间模式主要是单一目的地模式、线性旅游模式和区域旅游模式。     

元大都休闲文化景观研究

本文归纳了元代大都城市居民公共休闲活动地的类型,总结了当时北京休闲文化景观的特点。作者认为元代大都休闲空间格局的形成经历了两个阶段,城市休闲功能较前代明显增强。     

Making Bengali Brick Lane: claiming and contesting space in East London

Based on a recent empirical project on 'the Bengal diaspora', the paper explores the construction and contestation of meanings around the iconic East London street, Brick Lane. Taking the 2006 protests around the film Brick Lane as its starting point, the paper draws on original interviews conducted in 2008 with a range of Bengali community representatives, to examine the narratives of space, community and belonging that emerge around the idea of Brick Lane as the 'cultural heartland' of the British Bangladeshi community. By exploring the representation, production and contestation of 'social space' through everyday practices, the paper engages with and contests the representation of minority ethnic 'communities' in the context of contemporary multicultural London and examines the process of 'claiming' and 'making' space in East London. In so doing, the paper contributes to a critical tradition that challenges essentialising and pathologizing accounts of ethnic communities and racialized spaces, or that places them outside of broader social and historical processes - redolent, for example, in contemporary discussions about 'parallel lives' or 'the clash of civilizations'. By contrast, this paper views social space as made through movement and narration, with a particular emphasis on the social agency of local Bengali inhabitants and the multiple meanings that emerge from within this 'imagined community'. However, rather than simply stressing the unfinished and processual nature of spatial meanings, the paper insists on the historical, embodied and affective dimensions of such meaning making, and a reckoning with the broader social and political landscape within which such meanings take shape. The focus on Brick Lane provides an empirically rich, geographically and historically located lens through which to explore the complex role of ethnicity as a marker of social space and of spatial practices of resistance and identity. By exploring Bengali Brick Lane through its narratives of past, present and future, these stories attest to the symbolic and emotional importance of such spaces, and to their complex imaginings.     

以民事追偿补强我国刑事反腐败制度

刑罚虽然对惩治腐败犯罪发挥了重要作用,但腐败犯罪依然猖獗,主要原因是我国重刑轻民的传统观念和现实制度设计及司法习惯.民事措施可以有效补强刑事措施的不足,通过刑民互济,民事公益诉讼,社会专业力量介入等具体举措能够完善我国刑民结合的反腐败制度体系.     

北京市文化设施空间分布与文化功能研究

北京作为首都和全国的文化中心 ,文化功能是北京城市的主体功能之一。本文在分析北京市文化设施建设布局现状的基础上 ,将北京城市文化功能演进历史从解放初期到现在分为三个阶段 :5 0年代至 70年代、 80年代至 90年代和 90年代以后。不同时期的文化设施在空间布局上展现了不同的特点。目前 ,北京城市文化功能空间布局上存在着政治文化功能突出 ,南北城布局失衡以及缺少表现城市文化功能的主轴线等问题。针对这些问题 ,本文提出了调整文化功能布局、平衡南北城差异 ,完善各城区文化功能定位以及加快打造长安街文化轴线功能的建议。     

数字经济、人工智能制造与劳动力错配

文章基于2013—2019年中国30个省份的面板数据,先运用模拟退火优化投影寻踪模型测算中国数字经济发展指数,再采用双向固定效应模型和广义空间两阶段最小二乘法验证数字经济和人工智能制造对劳动力资源错配的影响效应。结果表明,2013—2019年我国数字经济发展水平整体呈现稳中有进的趋势,年均增速为11.8%。尽管数字经济发展先行区主要位于东部沿海地区,但近年来西部地区各省份年均增速较高,已形成"东部领跑,西部追赶"的空间分异格局。数字经济能显著缓解劳动力错配,人工智能制造在其中发挥着重要的中介作用,这一结论经过稳健性检验后依然成立。