法庭科学的审查

法庭科学是我国证据理论研究中较少涉及的问题。法庭科学是现实存在的,应当对其进行司法审查。科学研究与法庭科学审查之间有着联系及区别。法庭科学可采性的判断标准应当是"科学知识"。法庭科学审查有着自身的特殊性。     

韩愈的道统思想及其对后世的影响

中华道统思想源远流长,但真正建立起“道统”论的,则是唐代韩愈。韩愈站在时代的高度,面对外来佛教文化及本土道教文化的挑战,以弘扬儒家圣人之道即儒家文化的基本精神为己任,正式提出了儒家道统思想。经韩愈倡道统、批佛老、兴儒学的努力,使儒学再度复兴,并在宋末以后占据了社会文化的主导地位。韩愈的道统思想,对后世产生了重大而深远的影响。     

践行社会主义荣辱观 形成健康向上的社会风尚

胡锦涛总书记关于树立社会主义荣辱观的重要论述,提出了"八荣"的社会价值导向,明确了"八耻"防微杜渐的警示,树立了社会风尚的道德标杆.高校要旗帜鲜明地倡导"八荣八耻",引导学生自觉践行社会主义荣辱观,这将有利于大学生健康成长,促进校园文化建设和良好社会风尚的形成,推进和谐社会建设.     

略论中国传统司法的哲学理念

在中国独特的历史文化背景下,形成了传统司法特有的哲学理念,它包含了“天人合一”的天道人道观,君权至上理论,宗法家族本位,重农抑商、重义轻利,以及德主刑辅,明刑弼教的思想。这些法哲学理念,使中国传统司法为礼教所支配,道德伦理成为司法的指导原则。并且,司法制度自成一系,具有浓厚的民族色彩,也与源自于西方的现代司法迥然相异。     

我国计算机软件专利保护文献综述

计算机软件作为一种新的智力劳动成果,如何保护研发者的利益,提高他们研发的积极性,目前,世界各国政府都在积极研究出台相关法律来保护这一新型智力劳动成果.主要介绍了有关计算机软件专利保护的国内外现状及保护的不足之处,提出了完善我国计算机软件专利保护的建议.旨在为我国计算机软件专利保护问题研究的进一步发展提供一个参照平台.     

“是……的”句型日译汉的偏误分析

据实际语料考察,日本留学生在日译汉过程中使用“是……的”句型的出错率较高。留学生误译语句中有的没有使用“是……的”句型,有的虽然使用了“是……的”句型,但语序等方面存在问题。在分析偏误产生的原因的基础上,通过朗读等语感训练方式,可以提高“是……的”句型使用的正确率。     

Impact of socio-economic infrastructure investments on income inequality in Iran

One of the main subjects, governments have been facing is fair distribution of income, and making effort to improve it. In this study, we evaluated the effects of economic (energy, water, ICT) and social (health, education) infrastructure expenses on income inequality in the Iranian provinces for the period of 2007–2016 by the panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) model. The results show that social and economic infrastructures improvements reduce income inequality. However, the magnitude of these effects varies. Investment on education, healthcare, communication technology, energy, and water infrastructures has the greatest impact on income inequality reduction, respectively. Therefore, in order to reduce inequality in deprived areas, combination and optimal allocation of economic and social infrastructures should be considered.     

Assessment of Uncertainty in High Frequency Data: The Observed Asymptotic Variance

The availability of high frequency financial data has generated a series of estimators based on intra‐day data, improving the quality of large areas of financial econometrics. However, estimating the standard error of these estimators is often challenging. The root of the problem is that traditionally, standard errors rely on estimating a theoretically derived asymptotic variance, and often this asymptotic variance involves substantially more complex quantities than the original parameter to be estimated. Standard errors are important: they are used to assess the precision of estimators in the form of confidence intervals, to create “feasible statistics” for testing, to build forecasting models based on, say, daily estimates, and also to optimize the tuning parameters. The contribution of this paper is to provide an alternative and general solution to this problem, which we call Observed Asymptotic Variance. It is a general nonparametric method for assessing asymptotic variance (AVAR). It provides consistent estimators of AVAR for a broad class of integrated parameters Θ = ∫ θ_t dt, where the spot parameter process θ can be a general semimartingale, with continuous and jump components. The observed AVAR is implemented with the help of a two‐scales method. Its construction works well in the presence of microstructure noise, and when the observation times are irregular or asynchronous in the multivariate case. The methodology is valid for a wide variety of estimators, including the standard ones for variance and covariance, and also for more complex estimators, such as, of leverage effects, high frequency betas, and semivariance.     

光滑暧昧模型下的不透明交易和管制措施研究

本文假定透明交易者对额外投资机会回报率的标准差(方差,投资风险)存在暧昧,这种认知暧昧性抑制了透明交易者的投资行为,会导致风险资产溢价过高及社会福利损失.透明交易者是暧昧厌恶的投资者,其投资决策依据光滑暧昧厌恶模型,需求函数呈现连续且光滑的特征.而不透明交易者,通过支付一定的信息获取成本获得私有信息而具有信息优势,他们是标准的风险厌恶的投资者.通过构建理性预期均衡,本文的研究发现:初始资产严格为正的透明交易者将获得严格为正的超额收益;提高信息获取成本将减少不透明交易者的比例,从而增加风险资产溢价,降低福利水平,因而不是一项好的管制措施;而旨在提高市场透明度降低交易者暧昧性的举措总有利于提高福利水平.     

A simple algorithm for calculating values for folded normal distribution

Folded normal distribution originates from the modulus of normal distribution. In the present article, we have formulated the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of a folded normal distribution in terms of standard normal cdf and the parameters of the mother normal distribution. Although cdf values of folded normal distribution were earlier tabulated in the literature, we have shown that those values are valid for very particular situations. We have also provided a simple approach to obtain values of the parameters of the mother normal distribution from those of the folded normal distribution. These results find ample application in practice, for example, in obtaining the so-called upper and lower α-points of folded normal distribution, which, in turn, is useful in testing of the hypothesis relating to folded normal distribution and in designing process capability control chart of some process capability indices. A thorough study has been made to compare the performance of the newly developed theory to the existing ones. Some simulated as well as real-life examples have been discussed to supplement the theory developed in this article. Codes (generated by R software) for the theory developed in this article are also presented for the ease of application.