China’s National Identity in Transition: Domestic and International Perspectives (1982-2012)

In the era of globalization, China’s national identity is in close interaction with ethno- cultural and cultural identity, and is facing great challenges and is under pressure to reshape itself. An in-depth analysis of the Chinese national identity in its institutional, economic, cultural, political and strategic dimensions from both domestic and international perspectives can help us grasp the transition that has taken place in China’s national identity since 1978. In order to strengthen China’s national identity by building domestic consensus and increasing international recognition, China needs to further foster its civic consciousness, increase its soft power, enhance the ties between its national, regional and global identities and actively assume the role of a bridge between the developing and the developed countries.     

The Role of Revenue‐Focused Managerial Performance Measures in Supply Chain Coordination

Many firms employ revenue‐focused managerial performance measures (RF‐MPMs) that cause managers to worry more about revenues than about costs. Although this can seemingly misalign the interests of a manager, we show that the use of such measures can help supply chain partners to overcome hold‐up issues with respect to capacity and promotion investments. We develop a game theoretic model in which two supply chain partners engage in repeated interactions in which the supplier invests in capacity and the buyer invests in demand promotion. Following the realization of demand in each period, the two firms negotiate over the output quantity and wholesale price. The novelty of our model is that we allow the owners of each firm to delegate decision‐making power and negotiating responsibility to a free‐agent manager. We characterize the conditions under which the owners of both firms employ RF‐MPMs in equilibrium and benefit from doing so. For a special case of our model, we show that for the owners of the buyer, an RF‐MPM is equivalent to a price only relational contract, and that it complements a price and quantity relational contract as a mechanism for mitigating hold‐up issues.     

Revenue Management with End‐of‐Period Discounts in the Presence of Customer Learning

Consider a firm that sells identical products over a series of selling periods (e.g., weekly all‐inclusive vacations at the same resort). To stimulate demand and enhance revenue, in some periods, the firm may choose to offer a part of its available inventory at a discount. As customers learn to expect such discounts, a fraction may wait rather than purchase at a regular price. A problem the firm faces is how to incorporate this waiting and learning into its revenue management decisions. To address this problem we summarize two types of learning behaviors and propose a general model that allows for both stochastic consumer demand and stochastic waiting. For the case with two customer classes, we develop a novel solution approach to the resulting dynamic program. We then examine two simplified models, where either the demand or the waiting behavior are deterministic, and present the solution in a closed form. We extend the model to incorporate three customer classes and discuss the effects of overselling the capacity and bumping customers. Through numerical simulations we study the value of offering end‐of‐period deals optimally and analyze how this value changes under different consumer behavior and demand scenarios.     

Strategic Information Sharing in Competing Channels

We investigate strategic information sharing in two competing channels. The retailer in a channel can ex post decide whether to share private demand information with his upstream manufacturer after the content of information becomes known. We find that a retailer discloses low demand and withholds high demand to induce lower wholesale prices from his manufacturer. We show that a retailer should share less information when the retail market becomes more competitive, but should disclose more information when his capability to acquire information improves. When a decentralized supply chain competes with an integrated channel, we show that firms in the supply chain benefit from the rival channel's effort to improve information capability, that the incentive for the retailer in the supply chain to improve his information capability increases with the intensity of competition and with the rival channel's information capability, and that the retailer may not want to pursue perfect information acquisition even when doing so is costless. Extensive numerical studies demonstrate that similar results also hold for two decentralized supply chains competing with each other.     

Experimental Games on Networks: Underpinnings of Behavior and Equilibrium Selection

In this paper, we describe a series of laboratory experiments that implement specific examples of a general network structure. Specifically, actions are either strategic substitutes or strategic complements, and participants have either complete or incomplete information about the structure of a random network. Since economic environments typically have a considerable degree of complementarity or substitutability, this framework applies to a wide variety of settings. We examine behavior and equilibrium selection. The degree of equilibrium play is striking, in particular with incomplete information. Behavior closely resembles the theoretical equilibrium whenever this is unique; when there are multiple equilibria, general features of networks, such as connectivity, clustering, and the degree of the players, help to predict informed behavior in the lab. People appear to be strongly attracted to maximizing aggregate payoffs (social efficiency), but there are forces that moderate this attraction: (1) people seem content with (in the aggregate) capturing only the lion's share of the efficient profits in exchange for reduced exposure to loss, and (2) uncertainty about the network structure makes it considerably more difficult to coordinate on a demanding, but efficient, equilibrium that is typically implemented with complete information.     

时间战略:战略管理研究中的一个缺失

时间是嵌入在战略中的一部分,战略具有时间依赖的属性。对基于时间依赖属性的管理认知和战略行动间的互动关系进行了分析,阐述了在组织战略形成、执行和创新过程中微观行动主体与组织行动过程在中观和宏观层面的相互作用,探讨了个体行动者在不同时间认知状态下对组织战略行动产生影响的机理。基于时间视角的战略管理活动,有助于增进对组织战略决策、组织创新、组织动态能力以及企业家创新等议题的深入理解,也有助于推进对管理实践中一些两难问题的认识和处理。     

宏达公司战略成本控制模式

针对宏达公司成本管理问题,采用规范研究的方法,分析了宏达船舶配套机械制造公司战略定位、成本动因、价值链以及业务流程,对其在设计成本、研发成本和制造成本方面提出战略成本模式的改进建议。希望宏达公司成本管理能从传统的成本控制模式转变到适应新环境的战略成本控制模式。     

经济全球化与市场分割性双重条件下中国企业战略选择研究

基于中国企业在加入世界贸易组织以后所面临的特殊情境,深入分析经济全球化与市场分割性对中国企业构成的双重压力和影响,以及中国企业应对上述影响所采取的4种主要的战略选择。这4种战略选择是高度的市场本地化和高度的行业多元化相结合、高度的投资本地化与高度的行业集中化相结合、高度的市场多元化与高度的行业集中化相结合以及高度的行业多元化和高度的市场多元化相结合。基于此提出新形势下中国企业应对经济全球化和市场分割性的战略选择模式,进一步讨论了选择不同战略的企业在未来环境变化中可能面临的机遇与挑战,为企业在新形势下做出恰当的战略选择指明方向。     

企业社会责任视角下的战略劳动关系管理

对企业劳动关系的研究包括三个范畴,即学术建设、解决实际问题、道德规范。当代劳动关系面临的巨大挑战是如何重新建立学术研究、政策制定和管理实践之间更为广泛的联系。战略劳动关系管理冰山模型通过对劳动关系和企业社会责任相关理论的归纳和梳理,提出劳动关系管理包含合法、合情、合理三个层面的内容,满足这三个层次的企业用工是节约人工成本、改善企业绩效、提升企业价值的最佳用工方式。     

战略环境评价中社会经济发展对生物多样性的影响评价

从战略环境影响评价角度,提出了社会经济发展对生物多样性影响评价指标体系建立的思路、原则、内容与层次结构,并应用层次分析法计算各层次对控制目标的权重。以＂滇中调水＂工程为例,选取了其影响区域内具有代表性的3个区域点,对社会经济发展变化对生物多样性的影响进行了实证研究。评价结果显示所建的生物多样性影响评价指标体系能反映规划项目区域的社会经济发展变动对区域内生物多样性的影响。