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321.
In this study, by employing large-scale survey data from four waves of the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we explore the (potentially long-lasting) effects of individuals’ exposure to psychologically traumatic life experiences on their subjective well-being. To this aim, we exploit the richness of our dataset, that contains information about occurrence and timing of a set of extreme events out of individuals’ control that may leave a “scar” extending to their current levels of life satisfaction in general as well as with regard to specific life domains. Our findings indicate that having a close relative hit by a life-threatening illness or accident and, especially, having been victim of a serious physical attack or assault are negatively related to both general and domain-specific life satisfaction, even after controlling for personality traits. Next, life satisfaction is significantly lowered by being physically abused by a parent. Overall, we provide evidence that the effects of some traumatic events are persistent over time and mostly related to women. Surprisingly, the effects of child death are negligible also in the short term. 相似文献
322.
从全球文化融合看中华文化的主体自觉 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
全球文化融合的时代语境使文化的主体自觉问题日益凸显。20世纪中国文化发展的经验教训告诉我们,不可偏离人类文化普遍价值提倡中国文化的特色、风格与气派。中华文化应基于全球化的历史背景,在清醒的文化反思的基础上,通过与西方进行对话交流的方式为人类提供具有普遍意义的价值资源,使自身成为人类普遍文化价值中的重要元素。 相似文献
323.
主观恶性说有着悠久历史,在其历史嬗变过程中主要形成了义务侵害说、规范违反说及道德危害说等具体学说。主观恶性说的合理之处在于指出行为人主观上时法律的否定态度,而其疵瑕之处则是只强调对法律的遵守而轻忽法律的合理内涵,易造成恶法亦法,从而导致立法者暴政,故为维护公民基本人权,重构主观恶性说可谓势在必行。 相似文献
324.
王干才 《宝鸡文理学院学报(社会科学版)》2001,21(2):1-7
客体人本观、主体人本观、实践人本观是人类思想史上三种不同的关于人的生成、属性、地位、发展的思想体系,它们分别是从不同的视角出发,遵循不同的思维逻辑而形成确立的。 相似文献
325.
Abstract In this article an update of the Rota-Risk-Profile-Analysis (RRPA) is presented. This RRPA is based on 9 rota-risk criteria that are central to a more encompassing rota theory. The RRPA allows coherent assessment of the physical and social risks of a working-time schedule (rota). comparison of schedules with one another in quantitative terms and interpretations of possible differential effects more adequately. First, a closer look at the instrument-a computer program-is taken. Afterwards the criteria and their way of implementation are discussed briefly. To get an impression of the way that RRPA functions an example will be given by applying the instrument to the working rotas from a study on shiftwork in the Netherlands. 相似文献
326.
《心理学和人类性特征杂志》2013,25(2):128-147
ABSTRACT. Participants (124 heterosexual women) completed measures of thin-ideal internalization, discrepancy between perceptions of actual and ideal figure (DISCSELF), perceptions of the discrepancy between estimates of partner's view of actual and ideal female figure (DISCPART), body image, and sexual well-being. We found support for the proposed perception-of-partner pathway in that greater DISCPART was associated with poorer body image, which in turn was associated with poorer sexual well-being. However, we found little support for a link between thin-ideal internalization or DISCSELF and sexual well-being. The results suggest that heterosexual women's beliefs about how their partners view them are important to their sexual well-being. 相似文献
327.
In communicating the risk that terror attacks pose to the public, government agencies and other organizations must understand which characteristics of an attack contribute to the public's perception of its severity. An attack's casualty count is one of the most commonly used metrics of a terror attack's severity, yet it is unclear whether the public responds to information about casualty count when forming affective and cognitive reactions to terror attacks. This study sought to characterize the “psychophysical function” relating terror attack casualty counts to the severity of the affective and cognitive reactions they elicit. We recruited n = 684 Mechanical Turk participants to read a realistic vignette depicting either a biological or radiological terror attack, whose death toll ranged from 20 to 50,000, and rated their levels of fear and anger along with the attack's severity. Even when controlling for the perceived plausibility of the scenarios, participants’ severity ratings of each attack were logarithmic with respect to casualty count, while ratings of fear and anger did not significantly depend on casualty count. These results were consistent across attack weapon (biological vs. radiological) and time horizon of the casualties (same-day or anticipated to occur over several years). These results complement past work on life loss valuation and highlight a potential bifurcation between the public's affective and cognitive evaluations of terror attacks. 相似文献
328.
语用学和认知语言学中有关语境的研究均涉及到语境的主观因素。主观因素与交际者的主观意识有关,是一种心理现象,是一种认知表征,是语境构成的重要因素。话题是语篇分析中的一个重要概念,是解读语篇的关键所在。话题多以隐性形式存在于语篇中,对它们的解读需要借助语境中的主观因素,来激活相关的认知图式。语境中的主观因素对解读语篇话题有着重要的作用。 相似文献
329.
系统清理西方文论在中国的传播及影响 ,在我们当前文学理论研究中具有重大理论意义和强烈的现实针对性。近百年中国文论的现代化不宜简单等同于西化 ,本世纪西方文论在中国的三次大规模输入的性质、方向和特点各不相同 ,但大致沿着政治功利主义和审美主义两条逻辑线索展开 ,这是中国文论主动和积极地选择的结果。五四文学革命实际上并非和本土传统断裂 ,而是在西方文学思想的激发下 ,中国文学自身从中心到边缘的交互运动。在当前世界文论语境中 ,凝固、封闭和僵化的中国文论的民族本真身份已经不复存在 ,而开放、流动和融汇中西的中国文论正焕发出勃勃生机 相似文献
330.