Comparison of the Sexual Well-Being of Individuals with and Without a Herpes and/or Human Papillomavirus Infection Diagnosis

ABSTRACT. This study compared individuals with and without herpes and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) on several aspects of sexual well-being. We also investigated whether gender and relationship status moderated these relationships. Participants were 183 individuals with herpes and HPV and 299 without a diagnosis who completed measures of sexual activity, sexual concerns, and sexual cognitive–affective factors. Individuals with herpes and HPV reported being less sexually satisfied and were more likely to experience a distressing sexual problem than were those with no sexually transmitted infections. However, they reported high-quality sexual well-being overall and, contrary to prediction, reported more positive sexual well-being compared with individuals without a diagnosis on some dimensions. Outcomes were largely the same regardless of gender and relationship status. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of examining a broad range of factors related to sexuality to understand the potential impact of herpes and HPV on sexual well-being.     

Psychological Theories and Low-Wage Work

Low-wage work is a modern social problem, affecting millions of individuals, families, and communities. The field of psychology is a critical starting point for examining the relationship between low-wage work and mental health. This literature review aims to identify psychological theories related to low-wage work. Psychological theories related to work and employment are explored, as is emerging research on the necessity of a paradigm shift from the dichotomous categories of “employed” and “unemployed,” which allows for the conceptualization of employment as a continuum. This research focuses on underemployment and may contribute to the development of theory directly relating to low-wage work.     

进化论视野中的符号自我

本文简要介绍了近 2 0年来西方进化论观心理学家对符号自我的概念、内容及功能所作的研究。这些研究认为 ,符号自我是一种适应 ,而且由于其高度的适应性意义 ,它还是一种被选择的、仅属于人类的、具有广阔基础的能力。符号自我不仅具有适应功能 ,而且还在人的心理生活中具有重要的作用     

The Perspective of Younger People with Dementia

Abstract

This paper describes a longitudinally based discharge planning and treatment model. The model proposes to develop linkages between inpatient and community mental health providers during the early stages of hospitalization. The goal is to put the client's need first to ensure a smooth transition from the structure of the inpatient ward to the community, while maintaining continuity of care and reducing potential re-admissions to the hospital. The barriers that prevent such an adoption and implementation of such a system are discussed. Both clinical and policy issues are examined. Part 1 focuses on the background of case management and discharge planning and provides a critique of case management models (Belcher &; DeForge, 2005). Part 2 presents and describes the components of the longitudinally based discharge planning and treatment model (LDPTM) (DeForge &; Belcher, 2005).     

论差异与价值发现

差异不仅是一种秩序结构 ,而且也是一种价值现象。由于价值世界本质上是一种语言世界 ,因而价值发现与差异性原则之间具有强势的人为约定性 ,它们是在主体的自主论述中被建构起来的。价值发现遵循差异性原则 ,因为差异性始终是个体存在的绝对特征 ,差异性不仅是整体发展所需要的 ,而且是发现整体价值所需要的。迄今最大的价值发现之一──自由 ,就是源于对个体存在方式差异性的自觉     

Stability and Change of Regional Quality of life in Switzerland, 1978–1996

Data from surveys on local quality of life (QOL) in Switzerland amongthree age cohorts of a combined 87 000 recruits doing their basicmilitary training in 1978, 1987 and 1996 are used in this study in orderto answer the following questions: How stable was the QOLprofile of the whole country since 1978, and how much QOLprofiles changed since then at the four disaggregationlevels of the 26 cantons, 106 regions, 169 urban communities and 91neighborhoods or suburbs of the 7 largest urban agglomerations ofSwitzerland? At the first three disaggregation levels, most of theone-item measures used seem to be rather valid, i.e., they tended infact to generate stable as well as plausible results in unchangingsituations, or to react sensitively to “objectively” changingconditions of life. Where in public discourse QOL attributes arediffuse, i.e. where they are only loosely coupled to acertain village, town, region etc., or where the QOL profiles of smallerterritories are only based on answers of a few respondents, the strongerimpact that unknown measurement errors have under these conditions makesinterpreting the results of some single variables moredifficult. Especially at the level of cantons and regions, however, QOLprofiles defined by spatially well-focused sets of subjectiveindicators are easily interpretable and very stable. Through all threesurveys, they depict and preserve the distinctive characteristics of acanton or region remarkably well. In general, interpreting these surveyresults from the perspective of discursive social psychology proves tobe advantageous.

     

个体主体意识的彰显——试论李贺诗歌悲剧精神的独特性

李贺是中国古代诗歌史上一位风格独具的诗人,在政治腐败、战乱频繁、仕途苦闷等各种不幸的命运遭际下,他将自己的全部精力都放在了诗歌创作之中,以之作为自己的精神寄托。因此,李贺诗歌所呈现出的悲剧精神是由内而外的情感的自然流露,这和魏晋以来个体主体意识的觉醒有着直接的承继关系。正是由于李贺在诗歌中高扬个体的主体意识,使得其诗歌创作的取材和艺术表现不同于同时代的其他诗人,呈现出鲜明的个性特征,具有长远持久的生命力。     

Social Support,Coming Out,and Adjustment of Lesbian Mothers in Canada and France

SUMMARY

This study examined the factors associated with individual and relationship well-being, social support, and coming-out of lesbian mothers. We stipulated the existence of three important sources of variations: legal recognition of lesbian families in two distinct countries (Canada and France); mothers' biological status; and donor identity. Sixty-one Canadian couples and 53 French couples completed questionnaires on coming-out, support by family and friends, relationship adjustment and individual well-being. Coming-out and mothers' relationship adjustment were positively associated with social support. Levels of coming-out were higher for mothers in Canada and mothers in unknown donor families. The implications of these results are discussed.     

A meta-analytic examination of the potential correlates and consequences of workload

Over the last four decades, occupational stress researchers have given considerable attention to the potential correlates and consequences of workload. In the current study, we use meta-analysis (overall k = 336) to quantitatively review the workload literature. In analyses of hypothesized correlates, we found that social support was negatively associated (ρ = ?.20 for supervisor support; ρ = –.11 for co-worker support) and that trait negative affectivity (ρ = .22), role ambiguity (ρ = .28), role conflict (ρ = .44) and work-family conflict (ρ = .44 for work-to-family conflict; ρ = .20 for family-to-work conflict) were each positively associated with workload. Analyses examining hypothesized outcome variables suggest that workload is negatively associated with several indices of psychological and physical well-being (ρs were generally in the –.20s and –.30s), and affective organizational commitment (ρ = –.11), and is positively associated with turnover intention (ρ = .16) and absenteeism (ρ = .07).     

Illegitimate tasks as a source of work stress

Illegitimate tasks represent a task-level stressor derived from role and justice theories within the framework of “Stress-as–Offense-to-Self” (SOS; Semmer, Jacobshagen, Meier, & Elfering, 2007). Tasks are illegitimate if they violate norms about what an employee can properly be expected to do, because they are perceived as unnecessary or unreasonable; they imply a threat to one's professional identity. We report three studies testing associations between illegitimate tasks and well-being/strain. In two cross-sectional studies, illegitimate tasks predicted low self-esteem, feelings of resentment towards one's organization and burnout, controlling for role conflict, distributive injustice and social stressors in Study 1, and for distributive and procedural/interactional justice in Study 2. In Study 3, illegitimate tasks predicted two strain variables (feelings of resentment towards one's organization and irritability) over a period of two months, controlling for initial values of strain. Results confirm the unique contribution of illegitimate tasks to well-being and strain, beyond the effects of other predictors. Moreover, Study 3 demonstrated that illegitimate tasks predicted strain, rather than being predicted by it. We therefore conclude that illegitimate tasks represent an aspect of job design that deserves more attention, both in research and in decisions about task assignments.