More Participation,Happier Society? A Comparative Study of Civil Society and the Quality of Life

A ‘good society’ has recently been portrayed as one in which citizens engage in voluntary associations to foster democratic processes. Arguably, such a good society is considered as one where people are content with their own lives as well as public life. We consider whether participation in civil society leads to more satisfied individuals on the one hand and a better evaluation of society at a country level on the other. With data from the first round of the European Social Survey, we illustrate that participation in voluntary associations not only depends on individual characteristics, but that there is a clear country-level effect on civil society. This can be explained with measures of quality of society after socio-demographic determinants have been controlled for. Nonetheless, it remains difficult to say what comes first: a ‘good society’ or a thriving civil society.

Subjective Well-Being as an Indicator for Clinical Depression

The Theory of Homeostasis posits that Subjective Well-being (SWB) is regulated by a dynamic biological mechanism, assisting to maintain a positive view of life. Further, the theory suggests that clinical depression is the loss of SWB due to the defeat of this homeostatic defence system. To test this hypothesis it was predicted that people who were diagnosed as clinically depressed with the Semi-structured Clinical Interview (SCID-1/NP) based on the DSM-IV-TR Axis 1 would have a Personal Well-being Index-Adult (PWI-A) score below the normative range (70–80% of scale maximum). Following ethical approval a sample of 146 men was obtained and each was assessed on the SCID-1/NP and on the PWI-A. Subjects diagnosed as having one of several pathologies such as post traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, social phobia and specific phobia were found to score significantly lower on the PWI-A compared to participants who received no diagnosis. However, as the data did not discriminate between currently depressed and persons with other non-depressive psychopathologies, a Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to explore this data further. Results indicated that the PWI-A was significantly better than guessing in discriminating clinically depressed cases, but only just so. Therefore, while this research found support for the proposition that the loss of SWB indicated clinical depression, the PWI-A is not sufficiently specific for diagnosis, nor can it be concluded that all instances of depression is the failure of SWB.     

从客观逻辑到主观逻辑——胡塞尔的逻辑学之路

传统形式逻辑自以为是"形式的",但其未看到,所有的判断都是建立在时一个自在存在的世界的素朴信仰之上的,它预先赋予了世界以一种客观的意义和存在地位,因而变成了一门客观的"世界逻辑"与经验的实证科学.由于形式逻辑既无法实现自我证成,也无法帮助其他实证科学超越其实证性,所以,一门真正的哲学逻辑学,一门既能全面解释一般科学之本质可能性,又能引导其现实发展的科学论,最终只有通过先验现象学、先验主观性的奠基才能得以产生.从客观逻辑到主观逻辑,从形式逻辑到先验逻辑,这是胡塞尔借助现象学方法所铺就的一条逻辑之路.     

Disentangling the housing satisfaction puzzle: Does homeownership really matter?

There is a general consensus that homeownership has beneficial effects for both individuals and society in many outcomes. However, research regarding the effect of homeownership on individuals’ subjective well-being remains inconclusive. In this paper, for the first time, we provide empirical evidence for the link between homeownership and housing satisfaction using panel data. We use the eight waves of the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) covering the period 1994–2001. We observe that renters who become homeowners not only experience a significant increase in housing satisfaction, but also after changing their tenure status, they obtain a different utility from the same housing context. This evidence might provide support to the hypothesis that a share of the differences in the perceived utility derived from housing can be attributed to (un)fulfilled expectations or aspirations regarding homeownership.     

A General Theory for Perceptual Indicators of Family Life Quality

The paper presents Foa and Foa's Resource Theory (1974) that was used to develop a self-report, multidimensional measure of family well-being, an indicator of family life quality. Facet theory methods of sentence mapping provided an explicit way to explain how theoretical constructs were translated to operational measures, and a rationale for the use of multidimensional scaling analysis to verify the circular structure of resource classes proposed by the theory. Results of the analyses confirmed the theoretical propositions for a sample of 560 adults and indicated a better fit of the data for women's, compared to the men's model.     

原因自由行为与责任原则

大陆刑法原因自由行为理论认为,行为人故意或过失自陷无责任能力状态,虽然在实施危害社会行为时并无责任能力,但是行为人仍然要负全部行为刑事责任。为了论证处罚原因自由行为并不违反现代刑法责任原则,产生了责任原则维持说、修正说和例外说,修正说既有力论证了原因自由行为的可罚性,又维护了刑法理论的稳定。我国刑法应在主客观相统一原则下正确处理醉酒人犯罪的刑事责任。     

新媒体环境下高校思想政治教育工作的创新

当前新媒体环境下的高校思想政治教育工作显现出适应性不强、对接不够的问题,教育工作仍多拘泥于传统的工作理念、模式和方法,对新媒体的认识、掌握、运用不够,实效性不强。而新媒体环境却对大学生的思想观念、政治观点、价值取向和道德评价产生着潜移默化的深刻影响,因此高校教育工作者在工作中应树立主动介入理念,搭建思想政治教育新媒体工作平台;树立调整适应理念,更新思想政治教育新媒体工作内容;树立主体性培养理念,创新思想政治教育新媒体工作模式;树立专业化建设理念,完善思想政治教育新媒体工作架构,从而使高校思想政治教育工作更具有针对性、实效性,真正起到行之有效的教育作用。     

当代青年理想信念的现状及教育思路

青年理想教育是关系民族兴亡、社会主义事业后继有人的教育工程。当代青年理想教育主观环境的多元化和客观环境的复杂化决定我们必须:第一、把当代青年理想教育与政治教育相统一;第二、把当代青年理想教育与法治教育和道德教育相统一;第三、把当代青年理想教育与社会主义义利观教育相统一。     

外倾性人格特质、幽默风格、社会支持与主观幸福感关系研究

为探讨外倾性人格特质、幽默风格、社会支持与主观幸福感间的关系,构建四者的结构模型;对368名在校大学生采用相关量表进行测试,并运用结构方程探索、分析各变量间的关系模型。结果表明:外倾性通过社会支持对幸福感有间接地预测作用;外倾性对社会支持有直接的影响,同时还可通过嘲讽型、亲和型、自贬型幽默有间接地影响;自贬型幽默对幸福感有直接的影响,还通过社会支持作用于幸福感。得出幽默风格和社会支持作为中介变量影响主观幸福感的高低的结论。     

大学生自尊、人际关系与主观幸福感的关系分析——以成都地区为例

本课题采用总体幸福感量表(GWB)、自尊量表(SES)和人际关系量表对成都域内12所大学的979名在校大学生进行调查,运用t检验、单因素方差分析、pearson相关分析以及回归分析等方法对数据进行分析。结果显示:(1)成都地区大学生的主观幸福感处于一个较高的水平;(2)自尊与主观幸福感呈显著的正相关,人际关系困扰与主观幸福感呈显著的负相关;(3)自尊和人际关系困扰对主观幸福感具有预测作用。