简论沈从文对外国文学的借鉴

沈从文的"学历情结",促使他广闻博览,成为中国现代文学史上受外国文学影响最广泛的作家。他对外国文学的借鉴,经历了"模仿"、"活用"和"化用"三个阶段。其借鉴的主要表现是表现方法的借鉴、艺术形式的借鉴和文学精神的借鉴。这种借鉴是一种立足于"人性尺度"的主体选择。     

论非国有投资在西部大开发中的主体地位

确立非国有投资的主体地位是西部大开发的客观要求,也是决定西部大开发成败的关键。目前,西部非国有投资不足的原因主要表现在市场准入难;非国民待遇和自身问题。迫切要求培育非国有投资主体的措施包括创造良好的政策环境;解决民营企业融资难问题,采用BOT融资方式等。     

试析现代家庭教育重心位移的价值取向

家庭教育是整个国民教育的一个重要组成部分 ,家庭教育直接影响着孩子的终身发展。知识经济与素质教育对家庭教育的挑战 ,促使家庭教育重心的转移从注重知识的灌输 ,忽视孩子主体性的养成 ,向培养与塑造健全完美的现代人方向转变。而这一重心的转变 ,是基于孩子主体性价值及可持续性发展价值的理念之上的。     

12-h workdays: current knowledge and future directions

Work schedules other than those based on the traditional 8-h workday duration have become much more common in recent years. Many such schedules compress the work week into three or four longer workdays and include an increased number of days off. In particular, rosters based on 12-h workdays have gained in popularity, and such rosters have been the focus of considerable research. The literature on 12-h workdays is, however, full of inconsistencies. Not surprisingly, there is considerable evidence from some of these studies that 12-h shifts tend to cause more fatigue than 8-h shifts. This extra fatigue may be associated with lower work efficiency, and with more errors and accidents. There is also strong evidence that workers prefer 12-h shifts due to some perceived advantages. The present paper reviews and examines these studies and their findings and discusses some possible reasons for the apparent contradictions in reported findings. Directions for decision makers and future research are suggested.     

Warr's scale of job-related affective well-being: A longitudinal examination of its structure and relationships with work characteristics

The aims of this 3-year follow-up study among Finnish managers (n=615) were first, to test the theoretically-based structure of the job-related affective well-being scale (Warr, 1990b), and second, to examine the linear and curvilinear longitudinal associations between work characteristics and job-related affective well-being. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the hypothesized four-factor model best described the structure of the job-related affective well-being scale; that is, the scale included four interrelated factors of job-related anxiety, comfort, depression, and enthusiasm at both measurement times. Structural equation modelling showed that high feelings of comfort at work were longitudinally associated with a positive perception of the supportiveness of the organizational climate, after controlling for sense of coherence. Conversely, the work characteristics included in this study (job control and supportive organizational climate) did not serve as antecedents of job-related affective well-being during the follow-up. In addition, there were no cross-sectional or longitudinal curvilinear associations between work characteristics and job-related affective well-being: associations were found to be linear. We conclude that (a) Warr's scale of job-related affective well-being is best conceptualized as consisting of four interrelated dimensions whose factor structure is (b) highly stable across a 3-year time interval.     

宋庆龄女性主体意识及其对现代女性的启示

宋庆龄的女性主体意识,是其追求超越现实的人生境界,实现崇高的人生价值的重要动因,对于处于社会变革进程中的我国现代女性具有重要的人生启示。     

Employee fitness programmes, absenteeism and general well-being

Increasingly, European organizations are developing employee fitness programmes (EFPs) on the assumption that doing so will improve the health, well-being and work performance of employees. Although rigorous evaluation is not common practice among these organizations, this study represents an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of an EFP at the headquarters of the ING bank in Amsterdam. The study focused on possible changes in absenteeism, general well-being, self-confidence and perceived physical condition among EFP participants and non-participants over a 12-month period. Data were collected from 152 white-collar employees subdivided into four groups on the basis of participation or non-participation in the bank's EFP. The results indicated that taking part in an EFP could lead to a significant decrease in absenteeism amongst both regular and irregular participants. With respect to employee general well-being, scores on the factor 'worn out' did not differ significantly among the four groups. Differences between a non-exercising group and both EFP and non-EFP exercising groups' scores on the general well-being factor 'up-tight' approached significance. No significant differences in self-confidence between the groups were obtained, but significant differences in perceived physical fitness were apparent.     

如何在双语教学中发挥学生的主观能动性

本文结合操作系统专业课程中进行双语教学的实践,对如何有效地开展双语教学进行了探讨,详细介绍了双语教学过程中的备课和课堂组织的特点,讨论了其中一些关键性的问题,并就如何在双语教学中充分发挥学生的主观能动性、培养学生的创新思维进行了深入的分析。     

超前夸张句式的特征与基本类型

超前夸张句式是一个由多个具体句式聚合而成的句式群。超前夸张句式具有四个一般特征:参照性;超前性;主观评价性;标记性。参照性是前提,超前性是核心,评价性是功能,标记性是形式。     

Expressing Economic Risk—Review and Presentation of a Unifying Approach

Risk related to economic values is treated by many disciplines, including safety and production engineering, business, and project management. Within each of these and across these disciplines different nomenclature and principles are adopted for describing and communicating risk. The situation is rather confusing. In this article, we review various approaches and concepts that are used to express risk. We present and discuss a unifying approach for dealing with economic risk, with uncertainty being the key risk concept. The approach represents a rethinking on how to implement the Bayesian paradigm in practice to support decision making.