胡风主观战斗精神与创作主体的哲学美学阐释

胡风的以主观战斗精神为核心范畴的文艺思想有其哲学和美学基础。这种哲学美学基础的形成既有着复杂的自身历史文化和现实社会的背景 ,也有着作为理论话语资源上的复杂的理论背景。但胡风确实又力图根据马克思主义经典作家的有关思想来理解文艺的哲学和美学问题。本文通过考察胡风关于作为主体的人的论述和作为创作主体的艺术家的论述 ,对他的主观战斗精神与创作主体的观点进行哲学和美学的阐释。     

不同国家和地区的社会信息化程度与人民生活质量的相关性分析

透过具公信力的国际调查机构的国家数据的分析,找出世界各国的社会信息化程度与其生活质量之间的关系.整体模式明显指出一个国家的社会信息化程度,在很大程度上影响到人民生活的质量.其中,数字机会指针、电子化社会准备度与IDC信息社会指针3个信息社会指针与人类发展指针高度正相关,其相关系数各自达到0.93、0.84与0.89.可以推论各国的人类发展指针受到信息社会程度的影响.然而再进一步看这3个信息社会指针与快乐程度的关系就没有那么强,各自的相关系数为0.46、0.64与0.61.同样地,这3个信息社会指针与主观幸福感也差不多在同一水平,各自的相关系数为0.52、0.62与0.57.这说明人类的快乐与幸福的主观认知,不全然建立在有形的信息建设上面.信息技术是生活质量中快乐与主观幸福感的必要条件,但不是充分条件.对使用信息技术来增加人类的自我价值观的议题,在最后的结论有详细讨论.     

十九世纪法国浪漫主义绘画的美学特征及影响

法国浪漫主义绘画在19世纪西方画坛上占有举足轻重的地位,其鲜明强烈的个性、新奇多变的题材、表现力丰富的色彩,一扫古典主义绘画的僵化、教条,给19世纪的西方画坛带来强烈的震撼,并对后世的绘画艺术产生了深远的影响。论述了19世纪法国浪漫主义绘画的美学特征及其影响,并指出其局限性。     

Ambiguity aversion in the small and in the large for weighted linear utility

The widely observed preference for lotteries involving precise rather than vague of ambiguous probabilities is called ambiguity aversion. Ambiguity aversion cannot be predicted or explained by conventional expected utility models. For the subjectively weighted linear utility (SWLU) model, we define both probability and payoff premiums for ambiguity, and introduce alocal ambiguity aversion function a(u) that is proportional to these ambiguity premiums for small uncertainties. We show that one individual's ambiguity premiums areglobally larger than another's if and only if hisa(u) function is everywhere larger. Ambiguity aversion has been observed to increase 1) when the mean probability of gain increases and 2) when the mean probability of loss decreases. We show that such behavior is equivalent toa(u) increasing in both the gain and loss domains. Increasing ambiguity aversion also explains the observed excess of sellers' over buyers' prices for insurance against an ambiguous probability of loss.     

Operator performance and subjective response in control of flexible manufacturing systems

In this study, allocation of functions and system size (number of machines) were manipulated to test their effects on operator performance and subjective response in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS). An experiment was conducted using a cross-over design with three independent variables: number of machines, task allocation, and sequence of task presentation. Operator performance was measured by response time, and subjective response assessed using two questionnaires. Physiological measures were also taken (EKG and respiratory rate). The results revealed that the number of machines in the system did not affect performance or subjective or physiological response while the effect of allocation level was significant for both performance and subjective response.     

Understanding Risk Management

Discussions of technological risks and their management by corporations and society are ubiquitous and often acrimonious. Equally ubiquitous are several important misconceptions of key risk questions. This paper (i) argues that serious epistemological confusion pervades much of the scientific basis for risk assessment, especially confusion among objective, subjective, and perceived risk, and between facts and ethical values; and (ii) asserts that this confusion combines with psychological aspects of risk perception to produce a confused risk debate, a societal management of risks often based on diffuse or contradictory objectives, and consequently mismanagement of resource allocation to risk reduction.     

“完全融合”论——中国现代诗学理论研究之一

中国现代诗学史上的"完全融合"论实质上是诗歌创作中"主体"与"客体"的关系论.主流派的观点认为,诗美是诗人精神主体与客观客体相结合的结晶,诗人"主观战斗精神"的有无对于诗歌创作至关重要,主体与客体只有在"对于血肉的现实人生的搏斗"中才可能达到完全的融合,意境与境界的形成是作家的主观与现实的客观"完全融合"的结果.     

试论学习策略教学过程中的主体体验

主体体验不足或缺乏主体体验会制约学习策略教学有效性的发挥 ,影响学习策略教学的进一步推展。主体体验是学习者在学习过程中 ,对策略的构成、意义及应用的内省与体悟 ,它既是学习策略教学的特殊阶段 ,也是伴随、渗透在其他环节中的关键因素。主体体验在学习策略教学过程中具有内隐性、情境性、个性化等特点。强化主体体验的教学建议主要包括 :主体差异与策略选择 ;积极体验与合理反馈 ;提倡合作学习     

熊彼特的资本主义演化理论:一个再评价

对熊彼特的资本主义演化或发展理论,迄今为止有两种不同的评价。有的学者把熊彼特作为所谓"演化经济学"的先驱,也有学者不同意这种看法。熊彼特一方面信奉一般均衡论,另一方面又想解释由创新带来的资本主义生产方式的内生的演化,为此,他提出了"静态"和"动态"两分法,以前者为基础,力图把动态现象在理论上概念化。他的资本主义演化或发展理论虽然包含洞见,但整体上是对新古典均衡分析的一个补充。熊彼特的失误可以归咎于他对资本主义经济的内在稳定性的信念,以及被他当作分析工具的主观价值论和一般均衡论。     

1957年后毛泽东轻法制主人治之原因

中华人民共和国成立初期,毛泽东十分重视法制建设,中国法制建设取得了一定成就。但是,1957年后中国法律虚无主义泛滥,人治思想盛行,法制建设急剧滑坡。这种情况的出现与毛泽东1957年后力主人治、轻视法制关系很大。他之所以如此,客观原因是:浸润着人治思想的传统中国文化的影响;高度集中的经济体制和政治体制的形成;采用"五大"方式的群众运动的开展。主观原因是:他部分教条式地理解和践行了马列关于过渡时期无产阶级专政的学说,不注重借鉴西方的法制精神;过于相信道德教化的作用;为了把正中国的"社会主义"航向而力图实现个人专断等。