论胡风对主观公式主义和客观主义文艺倾向的批判

庸俗社会学和机械反映论对我国新文学尤其是左翼革命文学产生了相当恶劣的影响。胡风将之称为“主观公式主义”和“客观主义”,并同他们进行了长期的不屈不挠的斗争,在斗争中建立了自己的以“主观战斗精神”为核心的现实主义理论体系,为现代文学的健康发展做出了积极的贡献。     

试论普鲁斯特的文学创作

法国意识流小说大师普鲁斯特以反传统的写作风格和反叛的艺术思想在文学界和文学评论界引起了强烈的震撼.他的超长篇小说<追忆似水年华>一直被视为法国20世纪上半叶甚至是整个20世纪最伟大的文学杰作.其随笔体风格和"以乱取胜"的叙述手法打破了常规,是对根深蒂固的规范准则的颠覆和对传统秩序的解构.在为我们带来全新写作风格的同时,普鲁斯特笔下也为我们带来了一个全新的世界.     

A formulation of the concept of probability based on the use of experimental devices

This paper sets out to identify the abilities that a person needs to be able to successfully use an experimental device, such as a probability wheel or balls in an urn, for the elicitation of subjective probabilities. It is assumed that the successful use of the device requires that the person elicits unique probability values that obey the standard probability laws. This leads to a definition of probability based on the idea of the similarity between the likeliness of events and this concept is naturally extended to the idea that probabilities have strengths, which relates to information about the likeliness of an event that lies beyond a simple probability value. The latter notion is applied to the problem of explaining the Ellsberg paradox. To avoid the definition of probability being circular, probabilities are defined such that they depend on the choice of a reference set of events R which, in simple cases, corresponds to the raw outcomes produced by using an experimental device. However, it is shown that even when the events in R are considered as having an “equal chance” of occurring, the values and/or strengths of probabilities can still be affected by the choice of the set R.     

我国城乡老年人口生活质量比较研究

老年人口的核心问题是生活质量问题,对老年人口主观幸福感的关注有助于提高老年人口的生活质量.基于杭州市城乡老年人口主观幸福感的调查研究发现,城市老年人比农村老年人具有更强烈的主观幸福感.子女孝顺是影响城市和农村老年人主观幸福感的最主要因素;经济状况、对社区工作满意度、婚姻、性别等也是共同影响因素,但影响程度在城市和农村间存在差异.此外,在城市模型中,自我照料程度、子女个数等个人特征因素对老年人主观幸福感影响显著;在农村模型中,经济来源、对权益受侵害后的处理方式等经济和社会保障因素对老年人主观幸福感影响显著.总之,城乡老年人对提高生活质量的需求不同,城市老年人已侧重于对精神的需求,而农村老年人首先还需要物质的满足.     

青少年主体性人格的流行文化元素探因

主体性人格是当代社会的人格类型，流行文化是青少年主体性人格形成的文化背景。流行文化淡化了正统文化的权威性，强化了青少年的自我实现、自我认同及个人本位愿望，对青少年主体性人格的形成与发展起到了指引与暗示作用。     

Economic convergence and life satisfaction in the European Union

The issue of convergence or divergence in the European Union (EU) is usually viewed from a macroeconomic perspective, using indicators such as the income per head, the unemployment rate and the inflation rate. Little attention has been paid to the possibility of an associated convergence in ‘well-being’ across countries. Since recent literature has shown that subjective well-being (life satisfaction, ‘happiness’) is significantly affected by macroeconomic variables, it is natural to ask not only whether or not subjective well-being converges, but also, whether, how and to what extent this process is linked to macroeconomic convergence. In this paper we use self-rated life satisfaction elicited in large scale surveys to address these questions. We find evidence of convergence of life satisfaction across the member states of the EU, which can be attributed to a considerable extent to the convergence in macroeconomic conditions. Among the various macroeconomic indicators, the convergence in inflation rates has played a major role for the convergence in life satisfaction.     

Insecurity related to working life by age groups in Finland and Estonia in the 1990s

This article compares the reasons for insecurity related to working life in different age groups in Finland and Estonia, and the coping strategies evident in the two countries. Insecurity related to working life is more common in Finland than in Estonia. The differences between the two countries are more distinct with respect to experienced work-related insecurity than to an experienced lack of well-being linked to work. This shows that feelings of insecurity are affected not only by external factors, but also by internal factors linked to a person's earlier development. The most common causes of insecurity for people of working age are unemployment, mental strain and difficulties in interpersonal relationships at the work place. The individual's willingness to find means of coping at work is more clearly evident in Estonia than in Finland. People of working age in Finland are more likely to attempt to change the external conditions of work than are their Estonian counterparts.     

中国古代诉讼当事人的主体地位与诉权

中国古代社会是一个"权力本位"的社会,没有明确的权利概念,但并不能由此推论出中国古代法律就不保障权利。就诉讼而言,中国古代诉讼当事人绝非客体,而具有一定的主体地位,并享有多方面的诉权,只是相对于现代人来讲,其主体地位和诉权均不够充分。     

评《到灯塔去》中理性和感性的统一

弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫摒弃传统的自然主义写作方法,创作了意识流手法的扛鼎之作《到灯塔去》。书中主要人物面对现实世界的混乱、迷惘和虚无,进行着不懈奋斗,从而努力建立起理性和感性和谐统一的精神家园。