Stability and Change in Kindergartners' Friendships: Examination of Links with Social Functioning

Stability and change in kindergartners' friendships were examined based on a typology of profiles (stable, fluid, loss, gain, friendless). Our purpose was to determine whether children belonging to the five profiles differed in their social functioning. The sample was composed of 2353 kindergartners. Reciprocal friendships and social functioning indices were measured using peer nominations collected in October and May of the same year. A series of repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that children in the friendless profile were less accepted by their peers, more shy, more withdrawn, and more aggressive than other children. Moreover, children in the stable profile were significantly more accepted by their peers, more prosocial, and less shy than children in the fluid profile. Lastly, children in the loss profile became less accepted by their peers and less prosocial over the course of the year whereas children in the gain profile became more accepted and prosocial.     

和声分析中的“变化音”解析

文章着重探讨变化音解析的多种可能性,以及排除干扰、正确辨识变化音的步骤和方法。通过＂四步分析法＂使和声分析具有宏观、清晰的思路,快速、准确地掌握音乐分析的基本技能。     

碳捕获与封存技术应用中的国际法问题初探

碳捕获与封存技术的应用一方面有利于人类减缓温室效应,另一方面也蕴含了巨大的技术风险和可能造成新的国际社会的不公平,因此它的应用不仅提出了国内法上新的课题,也成为国际法关注的焦点.与此相关的国际法问题主要集中在气候变化、海洋环境保护及废弃物跨境转移等领域.目前已有部分国际法文件对此作出了针对性的修改.研究现行国际法体系如何适用于CCS技术应用具有重要意义.     

Technological change and employment in Brazil,Colombia and Mexico: Which workers are most affected?

This article adopts a task-based approach to analyse employment patterns in terms of skill distribution and occupations in the urban labour markets of Brazil, Colombia and Mexico during 2002–15. The results suggest that employment fell strongly for some medium-skilled occupations, and increased slightly for both low-skilled and high-skilled occupations. Decomposition results suggest that the decreasing share of employment of secretaries and stenographers is fully explained by changes within industries (routinization hypothesis), whereas the decrease in machinery operation and handicraft jobs is mainly explained by changes between industries. By socio-demographic group, technological changes negatively affected women but benefited younger workers and those with higher educational attainment.     

The interface of the top management team and the board: A dynamic managerial capabilities perspective

Although top management teams use their human capital, social capital, and cognition (i.e., dynamic managerial capabilities) to drive strategic change in their firms, faultlines within these teams may dampen the strategic change that they produce. While boards can enable but also restrict these change efforts, we know little about how precisely a board's monitoring and advice-giving condition the impact of the top management team's dynamic managerial capabilities on strategic change. We clarify how intense monitoring and advice-giving affect strategic change when faultlines between the top management team's and board's dynamic managerial capabilities are more or less salient. We explain that intense monitoring further stifles both the breadth and speed of strategic change that can be accomplished, and that this is more pronounced when the faultlines between the two bodies are strong. Furthermore, we outline that intensive advice-giving can be beneficial in improving the breadth of strategic change, but more so when these faultlines are weak and less so when they are strong. Notably we illuminate that the reverse happens in terms of speed of strategic change: intensive advice-giving can be detrimental engendering a further dampening of strategic change speed which is more pronounced when these faultlines are strong but less when they are weak.     

国外教师教育的研究热点与特点探析——基于《教学与教师教育》2008至2017年载文分析

运用CiteSpace V知识图谱软件，对Web of Science数据库收录的教师教育研究权威期刊《教学与教师教育》（Teaching and Teacher Education）2008至2017年间的1 430篇研究文献进行可视化分析。研究结果表明，当前国外教师教育研究的热点主题主要包括"教师专业身份认同""教师专业发展""教师自我效能感"以及"教师教育实践变革"等4个方面。分析国外教师教育可知：在方式上，强调通过教师的自我发展来推动教育质量改善；在内容上，由"教学分离"转向"以学为本"，重视职前教师实践能力的培养；在方向上，以构建教师教育发展体系为目标，加强制度建设；在方法上，坚持问题导向，提倡多元的研究方法。     

The politico-cultural significance of teachers’ ‘professionalization’ movements: a compared analysis of American and French cases

ABSTRACT

This article highlights the ideational factors underpinning the movements to professionalize teachers in the United-States and in France. It demonstrates that the deep driving force behind these movements is neither the modernization of schooling, nor the professional interests of teacher educators, but the politico-cultural hold of a philosophical paradigm that met the values and ideals of education and political systems’ actors. By associating human progress with social progress based on natural laws, the naturalistic standpoint of this philosophical paradigm won the favor of the times. Nevertheless, the adaptive conception of intellectual and moral development it supports entails a separation of the mental world of education specialists from that of academic scholars. As a consequence, the major missions of formal education shifted from the training of the mind through the understanding of subject-matters to that of whole social personalities through situated or experiential forms of understanding, the paradoxical outcome being a loss of teachers’ autonomy in terms of professional expertise.     

Do Legacy Industrial Sites Produce Legacy Effects in Ethnic and Racial Residential Settlement? Environmental Inequality Formation in Rhode Island’s Industrial Core1

This study advances understanding of environmental inequality by examining its production through the interaction of two ubiquitous and ongoing urban-ecological processes: industrial land-use changes and changing patterns of residential segregation. We employ longitudinal data from the Rhode Island Directory of Manufacturers (1953–2012) and tract-level US Census data measured at four panel-years (1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010) to study the effects of these interactions in Rhode Island’s historical industrial cities of Providence, Pawtucket, and Central Falls. Spatial patterning analysis and hybrid spatial panel modeling of residential exposure to active and legacy industrial sites in relation to ongoing racial and industrial change reveal two novel findings. First, we find a “legacy effect,” suggesting that the spatial organization of industrial activities prior to the study period has measurable impacts on patterns of residential segregation in later decades. Our results also indicate that over the study period Latinx and African-American residents have become increasingly less likely to bear disproportionate impacts of active manufacturing sites, despite very different spatial patterns of population growth. This is strong evidence that environmental inequality formation is a variable process in which historically distinct pathways can lead to similarly disproportionate exposure to environmental risk.     

从明清拟话本小说贞节烈女形象看明清贞节观的变化

明清拟话本小说的发展大致经历了三个阶段,即明代中后期、明清易代之际和清代前期。各个时期拟话本中出现的贞节烈女形象所体现出的贞节观念也不尽相同,虽然这种变化是有限的,但是仍然具有一定的时代特征。明代中后期的拟话本中的贞节观走向极致,明清易代之际拟话本的描写重点不在宣扬贞节观上,对于贞节烈女的描写大多一笔带过,而清代前期拟话本中的贞节烈女形象虽然不多,却体现出了向传统回归的特征。