基于对称性关系语义分析的汉语主宾互易句成因新解

主宾互易是句子形式上的一种对称表现。根据认知语法的观点,概念语义上的对称必然可能有形式上的对称相对应,形式上的对称是概念语义对称的反映。相互关系是一种对称性关系,从这个角度入手,主宾可互易的存现句、某些表心理感知类语义的以及表分配类的句子都可纳入相互关系义句,这样主宾互易现象从相互关系这种对称性语义关系角度就有了新的解释——语义上具有对称性关系的两个事物表现在主动宾结构中的主宾位置是可以互易的,这些主宾互易句里的共同语义因素就是相互对称性关系语义。     

Financial Market Globalization,Symmetry‐Breaking,and Endogenous Inequality of Nations

This paper investigates the effects of financial market globalization on the inequality of nations. The world economy consists of inherently identical countries, which differ only in their levels of capital stock. Each country is represented by the standard overlapping generations model, modified only to incorporate credit market imperfection. An integration of financial markets affects the set of stable steady states, as it changes the balance between the equalizing force of the diminishing returns technology and the unequalizing force of the wealth‐dependent borrowing constraint. The model is tractable enough to allow for a complete characterization of the stable steady states. In the absence of the international financial market, the world economy has a unique steady state, which is symmetric and stable. In the presence of the international financial market, symmetry‐breaking occurs under some conditions. That is, the symmetric steady state loses its stability and stable asymmetric steady states come to exist. In the stable asymmetric steady states, the world economy is endogenously divided into the rich and poor countries; the borrowing constraints are binding in the poor but not in the rich; the world output is smaller, the rich are richer and the poor are poorer in any of the stable asymmetric steady states than in the (unstable) symmetric steady state.     

Bivariate symmetry tests for complete and competing risks data: a saddlepoint approach

A class of bivariate symmetry tests for complete data and competing risks data is considered. Saddlepoint approximation for the exact p-values of the underlying permutation distribution of these tests is derived. Several simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the saddlepoint approximation and the asymptotic approximation. The saddlepoint approximation was found to be highly accurate and superior to the asymptotic approximations in replicating the exact permutation significance.     

Testing exchangeability of copulas in arbitrary dimension

A test for exchangeability of copulas for arbitrary dimensions is proposed, generalising and extending a result by Genest et al. [(2012), ‘Tests of Symmetry for Bivariate Copulas’, Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 64, 811–834]. Three test statistics together with some modifications are presented and their asymptotical behaviour is analysed. Empirical p-values are computed by using a bootstrap-procedure proposed by Rémillard and Scaillet [(2009), ‘Testing for Equality between Two Copulas’, Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 100, 377–386] and suggested by Bücher and Dette [(2010), ‘A Note on Bootstrap Approximations for the Empirical Copula Process’, Statistics & Probability Letters, 80, 1925–1932], based on a multiplier central limit theorem by van der Vaart and Wellner [(1996), Weak Convergence and Empirical Processes, Springer Series in Statistics, New York: Springer]. Finally a simulation study compares various versions of the proposed tests.     

论同义避复的形式特点

同义避复是一种历史悠久且十分重要的修辞现象,主要表现为在形式上避免重复,因此在形式方面具有独特之处。通过对这一语言现象的考察,我们认为它具有兼容性、对称性和聚合性特点。     

中庸和谐文化心理对修辞格构建的影响

中庸是实现和谐的一种方式,中庸和谐的文化心理对汉语辞格的构建产生着深刻的影响。它在辞格构建中表现为“同异有度”、“平衡对称”、“表里兼顾”的表达追求。中庸和谐文化心理在对偶、回环、反复、排比、错综等辞格构建上有突出的表现。基于中庸和谐的文化心理构建的辞格能给解读者以和谐的美感。     

英语比较句式特征分析

英语比较句式在本质上是一种对称结构。可在实际使用中,两侧分句比较项中的名词或名词词组结构、动词句法特征属性、旬式极性、蕴含结论项成分的功能和结构层次等方面都表现出结构的非对称性。但这并不影响两侧分句比较项在语义概念属性上的对称性,及结论项在两侧分句句法功能上和在[＋静态]语义特征中量比或质比的对称性,这也显示了比较句式的本质特征。     

我国企业资金安全控制问题研究

企业资金安全性分析与盈利性分析、流动性分析、成长性分析共同成为财务分析的组成部分。资金安全可以分为存量安全、流量安全和增量安全。影响企业资金安全的主要因素有财权的独立性、信息的不对称性等。企业必须重视决策成本,完善治理结构,强化内部制度的执行力等以确保资金安全。     

A simple nonparametric test for bivariate symmetry about a line

Over the years many researchers have dealt with testing the hypotheses of symmetry in univariate and multivariate distributions in the parametric and nonparametric setup. In a multivariate setup, there are several formulations of symmetry, for example, symmetry about an axis, joint symmetry, marginal symmetry, radial symmetry, symmetry about a known point, spherical symmetry, and elliptical symmetry among others. In this paper, for the bivariate case, we formulate a concept of symmetry about a straight line passing through the origin in a plane and accordingly develop a simple nonparametric test for testing the hypothesis of symmetry about a straight line. The proposed test is based on a measure of deviance between observed counts of bivariate samples in suitably defined pairs of sets. The exact null distribution and non-null distribution, for specified classes of alternatives, of the test statistics are obtained. The null distribution is tabulated for sample size from n=5 up to n=30. The null mean, null variance and the asymptotic null distributions of the proposed test statistics are also obtained. The empirical power of the proposed test is evaluated by simulating samples from the suitable class of bivariate distributions. The empirical findings suggest that the test performs reasonably well against various classes of asymmetric bivariate distributions. Further, it is advocated that the basic idea developed in this work can be easily adopted to test the hypotheses of exchangeability of bivariate random variables and also bivariate symmetry about a given axis which have been considered by several authors in the past.     

弱对称性：人与非人行动者关系之辨正

行动者网络理论首次关注到科学活动中所有的行动者,但由于过分强调非人与人的强对称性而陷入困境。它难以回答在坚持人与非人强对称的前提下,非人行动者的能动性何以实现。为此,或许就要对人与非人之间的强对称性做弱化处理,即在科学研究中保持对待人与非人元素的弱对称性态度,以此作为存在于传统科学观和科学知识社会学“强不对称性”与行动者网络理论“强时称性”态度之间的第三种选择。弱对称性承认人在科学活动中的中心地位。但拒绝将这种中心地位绝对化;认同非人元素在科学活动中不可忽视的地位和作用,但不主张将其与人类的能动性完全等同。