论叶尔姆斯列夫语符学的四个理论模型

叶尔姆斯列夫在《语言理论导论》等著作中提出了建立语符学(元语言学)理论的构想。本文认为,叶氏在《语言理论导论》中提出了四个理论模型,即语言功能模型,外延符号模型,内涵符号模型以及元符号(元语言)模型,它们是叶尔姆斯列夫为首的结构主义哥本哈根学派理论的核心,对西方语言学、修辞学、文艺学以及哲学等起到影响的也主要是这四个理论模型。同时,它们也是人们理解、把握整个语符学理论体系的关键所在。     

Number of occurrences in two-state Markov chains,with an application in linguistics

Let N_n be the number of occurrences in n trials of an event governed by a two-state Markov chain (of first order or second order). We obtain the distribution of N_n and apply it to a problem involving literary text.     

论认知语言学的意义观——基于文学文本的意义探索

意义的确定性与不确定性在文学文本中达到了融合,这种融合性是人类认知机能发展的高级阶段,是语言意义美的展现.基于体验哲学的认知语言学的语义观是体验内在观,其认知模式通过对意义的动态解释来达到对意义确定性的寻求,认知语言学的意义观达到了人类认知两极间的融合.     

系统功能语言学、语用学及其比较

在以人类学为本的语言学理论中,系统功能语言学和语用学是影响最广泛的两个学派。以韩礼德为代表的系统功能语言学注重意义和功能的研究,特别强调语境的作用,并把"选择就是意义"作为一条广泛运用的原则。语用学理论围绕语言交际的意义这一中心论题展开,从不同层面强调语境和语义在交际中的关键地位。两学派研究任务、方法虽不同,但有相似、互补之处。     

Extreme parallels: a corpus-driven analysis of ISIS and far-right discourse

ABSTRACT

In this study, we examine key psychological dimensions in the manifestos authored by the perpetrators of the Christchurch and Utøya massacres, the right-wing extremists Brenton Tarrant and Anders Breivik, and the ISIS propaganda magazine Rumiyah. All texts were authored and disseminated virtually with the purpose of attracting or consolidating support, and justifying violent, discriminatory actions. While right-wing supremacist and extremist Islamist discourses are ostensibly ideologically opposed, previous research has posited the existence of ideational and emotive commonalities. We approach this from a corpus-linguistic perspective, and employ the software LIWC2015 and Wmatrix to explore the dominant psychological dimensions, semantic categories and keywords in these texts. We identify elements that contribute to the construction of a narrative of hate, peril and urgency, and discuss differences in the imagery used to construct these meanings and to appeal to different audiences. Whilst our analysis supports the existence of commonalities in ideological content and discursive strategies, our results identify differences in the target of hate in right-wing supremacist discourse and we differentiate between primarily Islamophobic and racist motives. Finally, we also discuss the limitations inherent in employing these software tools to analyse discourse in the Web 2.0 era.     

语类理论视角下ESP教材语类纲要式分析——以《药学英语》为例

大学英语拓展课程发展迅速,ESP教材使用越来越广泛,但国内ESP教材分析研究相对滞后。为了说明语类纲要式结构分析对ESP教材使用的理论指导作用,采用ESP教材常见分类和语类逻辑语义关系作为分析框架,分析了一本典型的ESP教材——《药学英语》（上册）的语类特征。结果表明：分析ESP教材的语类结构和语言形式能揭示教材的人才培养目标和实现该目标的具体过程。目前,ESP教材的语类分析研究还处于起步阶段,值得继续关注和研究。     

1984～2013年我国英语语言学教学研究述评

对1984～2013年30年间中国知网（http//：www．cnki．net）数据库关于英语语言学教学研究的论文进行检索和统计分析,结果发现,近年来虽然相关研究数量得到极大的丰富,但论文质量显现整体下滑的趋势,主要表现在研究论述内容过于宽泛、重复研究现象比较严重,深入细致的研究论文数量比例较少。     

国外研究型教学对英语语言学课程教学的启示

在英语专业亟需改革的背景下,英语语言学课程提倡研究型教学有其现实意义。从＂教＂和＂学＂两个角度出发回顾国外研究型教学研究的主要内容,介绍了国外语言学课程研究型教学的实践,指出其客观及系统的特点;探讨了国外相关研究对于在国内开展语言学课程研究型教学的三方面启示。     

‘English… it's part of our blood’: Ideologies of language and nation in United States Congressional discourse

Utilizing a combination of corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis, the article describes ideologies of United States (U.S.) national identity based in civic and ethnic nationalisms. These ideologies circulated during debates and hearings in the U.S. Congress concerning the 2006 reauthorization of provisions of the Voting Rights Act requiring that multilingual voting materials be made available for language minorities in certain jurisdictions. The article argues that although those legislators supporting the use of multilingual voting materials construct an ideology of civic nationalism that promotes inclusion of language minorities, they are still greatly influenced by the dominant language ideology. Those opposing multilingual voting materials construct a U.S. national identity that places stringent requirements on newcomers to assimilate and learn English. These legislators simultaneously attempt to avoid the suspicion of ethnic nationalist ideologies by arguing that English is a neutral entity, detaching it from its dominant linguistic community. The findings suggest that despite Congressional support for multilingual voting materials, the language ideologies present in Congress are not necessarily favorable to the rights of language minorities. These findings have language policy implications in that they suggest opposition to a right to language for linguistic minorities in the U.S.     

应用语言学和描写语用学之关系——以语用学理论研究应用语言学探

应用语言学的理论尚处于探索阶段,目前虽多数应用语言学家认为应用语言学应该有理论,但用什么样的理论差异是很大的。语用学研究符号与符号使用者之间的关系,应用语言学的许多领域也需要研究这种关系。二者的差别是：描写语用学不分领域;应用语言学分领域研究。二者的差别正说明语用学可用作应用语言学诸多分支学科的实践分析理论。