‘Growing Old’ in Shelters and ‘On the Street’: Experiences of Older Homeless People

Homelessness among older people in Canada is both a growing concern, and an emerging field of study. This article reports thematic results of qualitative interviews with 40 people aged 46 to 75, carried out as part of a mixed-methods study of older people who are homeless in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Our participants included people with histories of homelessness (n = 14) and persons new to homelessness in later life (n = 26). Interviews focused on experiences at the intersections of aging and homelessness including social relationships, the challenges of living on the streets and in shelters in later life, and the future. This article outlines the 5 main themes that capture the experience of homelessness for our participants: age exacerbates worries; exclusion and isolation; managing significant challenges; shifting needs and realities; and resilience, strength, and hope. Together, these findings underscore the need for specific programs geared to the unique needs of older people who are homeless.     

落下闳的族属之源暨浑天说、浑天仪所起源的族属

落下闳为巴人之源出赤狄支系皋落氏者,汉代浑天仪由落下闳始造,浑天仪所本理论为浑天说,而由落下闳的族属及其郡望学统、战国测星和西汉改历的史实、浑天思想的神话来源等观之,浑天说、浑天仪或非先秦华夏之族的旧学古器,而极可能起源于四夷中的狄、巴之族。     

Who is a Distracted Driver? Associations between Mobile Phone Use while Driving,Domain‐Specific Risk Taking,and Personality

Mobile phone use while driving (MPUWD) is an increasingly common form of distracted driving. Given its widespread prevalence, it is important for researchers to identify factors that may predict who is more likely to engage in this risky behavior. The current study investigates associations between MPUWD risk behaviors, domain‐specific risk perceptions, and broad personality dimensions. An Italian community sample (n = 804) completed a survey regarding MPUWD risk perceptions and engagement in MPUWD, in addition to the HEXACO‐PI‐R, a broad six‐factor personality inventory (honesty‐humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience), and the DOSPERT, a six‐factor domain‐specific self‐report risk‐taking measure (health/safety, recreational, social, ethical, gambling, and investment). With respect to domain‐specific risk taking, greater frequency of SMS use while driving most strongly was associated with greater risk taking for the health/safety, gambling, and ethical risk domains. Further, greater honesty‐humility and conscientiousness, two traits related to cognitive control and risk behaviors, and to a lesser extent openness to experience, were associated with less frequent MPUWD, and positively associated with MPUWD risk perceptions. With growing public safety concern surrounding MPUWD, understanding associated personality factors is not only important for identifying psychological mechanisms underlying risk behavior, but also for more effective prevention and intervention programs.     

Gaps in social protection for health care and long‐term care in Europe: Are the elderly faced with financial ruin?

While public expenditure on health care and long‐term care (LTC) has been monitored for many years in European countries, far less attention has been paid to the financial consequences for older people of private out‐of‐pocket (OOP) expenditure necessary to access such care. Employing representative cross‐sectional data on the elderly populations of 11 European countries in 2004 from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we find that OOP payments for health care and LTC are very common among the elderly across European countries and such expenditures impact significantly on disposable income: up to 95 per cent of the elderly make OOP payments for health care and 5 per cent for LTC, resulting in income reductions of between 5 and 10 per cent, respectively. Failure to prevent financial ruin, as a consequence of excessive OOP payments, is evident in 0.7 per cent of elderly households utilizing health care and 0.5 per cent of elderly households utilizing LTC. Those particularly concerned are the poor, women and the very old.     

清末政治思想中的民论探析

民论是清末政治改革思潮中的重要内容。在清末这一变动剧烈的时代中,人们对于民的认识发生了诸多变化,对当时及其后的政治发展产生了重要影响。清末的民论包括对民之地位与民之权利的论述等内容。清末民初思想家普遍认识到了民的重要性,对民的地位、民的权利进行了不同于传统民论的新的阐释。但对于民的能力却大多抱以悲观的态度,因此在是否给予民以充分的自由权利、提高普通民的政治地位问题上显现出迟疑和保守。     

从“同出而异名”角度解读老子的“圣人与百姓”思想

在《老子》传统的解读中,并没有将圣人和百姓放在对等的立场上,而忽视百姓的存在。事实上在老子的思想里,圣人和百姓是没有优劣之分的,二者都是推动"道"正常运动的力量,缺一不可,只是圣人和百姓在道的运动过程中扮演着不同角色。正是因为二者的共存,道才显现出既幽远深邃又生机盎然的特征。圣人和百姓作为两种不同的生命存在方式,共同维持着"宇宙—生命"系统的通塞平衡。     

加强和改进师德建设是教育之根本

本文以崭新的视角与多种途径论述加强和改进师德建设的相关问题，树立与时俱进的育人为本和德育为先的教育思想至关重要。     

《噶玛巴为明太祖荐福图》回回文初探

13世纪波斯语成为在中国生根的一种外语、一种少数民族(即回回人)的族内共同语言,也是中国对外交往,特别是与伊斯兰文化圈的国际交际语言。明朝建立之后,承续元朝传统,波斯语不仅继续成为明朝与外国交流的语言,而且在国内政治生活中仍然起着重要作用,于是兼通汉回两种语言的回回人受到重视。①波斯文就是在这样一种背景之下,成为书写《荐福图》的五种文字之一。     

中原贫民亡入匈奴地区谋求生存

中原贫民违反汉禁亡入匈奴地区者大量存在,虽有严刑峻法障塞哨卡亦不能完全阻断。出塞攻略匈奴的中原将士多留没不还,其子孙亲戚仍在中原而生活贫困者都愿意亡出塞外去谋求生存。中原农民赋役负担过于繁重:力役兵徭苛捐杂税几十倍于古,产子3岁须出口钱,连续23年的大面积严重黄河水患及皇帝官吏的无度奢靡敲骨吸髓,致使他们常衣牛马之衣而食犬彘之食,不少人因饥寒冻饿而死,或至人相食。破产农民流亡就食他乡被诬指为盗贼,并以军兴之法无情镇压。匈奴地区的管理相对宽松。匈奴中有不少来自中原的“秦人”。     

试析党项妇女的强悍之风

强悍是党项妇女的一种特殊风气,主要表现为她们喜好复仇、尚武参战、恣行攻掠、乐于参政、殉情现象等等。文章认为,党项妇女的强悍风谷是当时复杂的经济、政治等多种因素长期作用的产物,体现了古代西北社会强悍勇武的特有民风。