李觏与佛教

李觏佛教思想具有双重性，既有排佛的一面，也有容佛的一面。排佛主要表现在两个领域，一是以经济建设、财富积累和社会秩序为内容的物质领域，一是儒家礼治伦理领域；容佛主要表现在对佛教某些教义、佛教教化功能的肯定。李觏佛教思想的基本内容及其特点，是颇有启示的。     

论李觏的诗

李觏的志节与境况，决定了他的论诗主张，其诗按内容大致可分为六类：交游、时事、咏史、咏物、写景、咏怀。颇受皮日休、韩愈等人的影响，又有所不同，这种同与异和宋诗风貌的形成有密切关系。     

Spatial variation in soil inorganic nitrogen across an arid urban ecosystem

We explored variations in inorganic soil nitrogen (N) concentrations across metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona, and the surrounding desert using a probability-based synoptic survey. Data were examined using spatial statistics on the entire region, as well as for the desert and urban sites separately. Concentrations of both NO₃-N and NH₄-N were markedly higher and more heterogeneous amongst urban compared to desert soils. Regional variation in soil NO₃-N concentration was best explained by latitude, land use history, population density, along with percent cover of impervious surfaces and lawn, whereas soil NH₄-N concentrations were related to only latitude and population density. Within the urban area, patterns in both soil NO₃-N and NH₄-N were best predicted by elevation, population density and type of irrigation in the surrounding neighborhood. Spatial autocorrelation of soil NO₃-N concentrations explained 49% of variation among desert sites but was absent between urban sites. We suggest that inorganic soil N concentrations are controlled by a number of ‘local’ or ‘neighborhood’ human-related drivers in the city, rather than factors related to an urban-rural gradient.     

论创造性思维的时效性

创造性思维的时效是指创造性思维在一定的时间内所取得的思维成果。在追求创造性思维科学性的同时 ,力求其高效率是创造性思维的目的。我们要运用先进的思维工具 ,采用科学的思维方法 ,尽量减少创造性思维中的挫折和曲折 ,力戒不必要思维时间的浪费 ,以提高创造性思维的效率     

区域民族描写民俗学优秀之作--读《中国南楚民俗学》

从民俗理论的实际提炼性与追求规范性、区域民族民俗描写研究之丰富性与精确性、田野考察之可学性与可操作性、民俗学研究之献身性与交心工程性四个方面来考察 ,王建章教授的《中国南楚民俗学》是区域民族描写民俗学的优秀著作。     

试论「～と会う」和「～に会う」的用法和区别

在学习和运用日语过程中 ,格助词是比较难以准确掌握和运用的 ,人们往往习惯从格助词本身去分析其语法功能。从动词词义决定其格助词在句子中的构式的角度看 ,格助词 [と ]表示行为动作的共同主体 ,格助词[に ]表示行为动作的承受者。进一步说 [～と会う ]所表达的这一 [会う ]的行为动作是双方共同的行为动作。[～に会う ]所表达的这一 [会う ]的行为动作是单方面的行为动作 ,另一方是这一行为动作的承受者     

GMM tests for the Katz family of distributions

Generalized method of moments (GMM) is used to develop tests for discriminating discrete distributions among the two-parameter family of Katz distributions. Relationships involving moments are exploited to obtain identifying and over-identifying restrictions. The asymptotic relative efficiencies of tests based on GMM are analyzed using the local power approach and the approximate Bahadur efficiency. The paper also gives results of Monte Carlo experiments designed to check the validity of the theoretical findings and to shed light on the small sample properties of the proposed tests. Extensions of the results to compound Poisson alternative hypotheses are discussed.     

Effects of Marriage and Children on Financial Risk Tolerance: A Synthesis of Family Development and Prospect Theory

Family development and prospect theory were used as a framework to predict variability in individuals' subjective financial risk tolerance within distinct family structures. Gender, age, and income were expected to interact with the main effects of family structure (marital status and children). Theory-generated hypotheses were examined in Study 1 (data from university housing respondents, n = 76) and Study 2 (the 1998 Survey of Consumer Finances, n = 4,305). One family structure main effect (child presence) was significant for investment risk tolerance in both studies. Family structure interactions (marital status × age and child × income) were significant for employment risk (Study 1), and child × age was significant for investment risk in Study 2.     

A sociolinguistic application of Bakhtin's authoritative and internally persuasive discourse

Through the use of two central Bakhtinian concepts, authoritative and internally persuasive discourse (word), this paper examines the tension between the ideology of linguistic hegemony as a source of power in the Greek public sphere and the condition of language shift faced by the Albanian‐speaking communities of modern Greece. I argue here that a cautious application of these two notions, which are relevant to linguistic ideology, can reveal crucial aspects of two processes: that of subordination to and that of questioning of the dominant linguistic ideology by local Albanian‐speaking communities. Thus, in language shift contexts, it is possible that no simple relations obtain that place social agents in unquestionable and easily predictable positions. Such an approach proves useful for the sociolinguistic study of threatened language communities.     

Estimation of Hazard, Density and Survivor Functions for Randomly Censored Data

Maximum likelihood estimation and goodness-of-fit techniques are used within a competing risks framework to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of hazard, density, and survivor functions for randomly right-censored variables. Goodness-of- fit techniques are used to fit distributions to the crude lifetimes, which are used to obtain an estimate of the hazard function, which, in turn, is used to construct the survivor and density functions of the net lifetime of the variable of interest. If only one of the crude lifetimes can be adequately characterized by a parametric model, then semi-parametric estimates may be obtained using a maximum likelihood estimate of one crude lifetime and the empirical distribution function of the other. Simulation studies show that the survivor function estimates from crude lifetimes compare favourably with those given by the product-limit estimator when crude lifetimes are chosen correctly. Other advantages are discussed.