关于博士论文的选题问题

在指导同学完成博士论文的过程中,选择一个好的选题至关重要。从选题性质上来看,有三种类型:第一种是自定选题;第二种是老师和同学共同商定选题;第三种是老师命题。从选题与论文作者的学术背景来看,大致有四种情况:一是没有什么基础,但早就确定好目标;二是和今后的发展方向、职业需要结合起来考虑;三是完全开拓新的研究课题;四是先从资料入手,然后确定选题。确定一个好的选题,对同学今后的发展有如下四个作用:一是可以基本确定自己的研究领域;二是开拓了眼界,刷新了观念,提高了见识;三是锻炼了研究方法,提高了科研素养;四是通过好的选题、好的著作,可以打出自己的知名度。为确定好选题,圆满完成论文,我们需要注意以下六个问题:第一,加强选题意识;第二,提倡自主定题;第三,要下决心为定下的选题奋斗;第四,不断深化对选题的认识;第五,注意不同选题实现的方式不一样;第六,完成选题的过程中要不断挖掘、分析资料。     

从“是p，还是q”有标选择复句看合用型关系词的自动识别

自然语言理解是一项复杂而伟大的工程,其内容的深度及广度是难于想象的。自动识别是其中的一个小小的分支,这里着重探讨有标复句领域的合用型关系词的自动识别问题。合用型关系词的自动识别是有标复句信息化工程的基础环节之一,为了有效解决问题,选取"是……还是……"这对合用型关系词作为研究对象,以验证研究方法的可行性。     

论编辑选题策划的制约因素

从出版社编辑工作出发 ,阐述选题策划作为一种思路或行动 ,贯穿于整个编辑过程 ,探讨编辑选题策划过程中五个方面的制约因素     

修辞方法与题旨情境的适应

修辞是人们准确表达生活的必要手段。修辞要适应题旨情境,要根据作者表达思想内容的需要恰当地运用各种修辞方法,以达到准确、鲜明、生动地表达思想的需要。修辞方法是题旨情境的表现形式,题旨情境决定修辞方法的运用,内容决定形式,形式为内容服务。     

编辑是提高报纸竞争力的"杀手锏"

报纸作为一种文化产品,面临着激烈的市场竞争。报纸的定位和设计,以及报社在不同时期的新闻报道活动的规划和组织,对报纸的生存与发展具有非同寻常的意义。文章论述了报纸编辑是提高报纸竞争力的"杀手锏",即选题策划是报纸编辑的切入点,版面设计是报纸编辑的落脚点,图片运用是报纸编辑的闪光点。     

Using structural topic modeling to gain insight into challenges faced by leaders

This paper leverages technological and methodological advances in natural language processing to advance our understanding and approaches to leadership research by introducing structural topic models (STM) to researchers wanting to inductively code massive amounts of unstructured texts. Specifically, we illustrate the application of STM applied to a large corpus (N ≈ 8000) of unstructured text responses from a diverse sample of leaders to inductively generate a classification system of leader challenges and simultaneously examine whether the challenges being experienced by leaders covary with leader characteristics. Overall, we identify nine central leader challenges. Results indicate that certain leader challenges are more prevalent depending on the leader’s characteristics (e.g., gender), and that two challenges, Daily Management Activities and Communication, were significantly related to boss’ ratings of performance. We also highlight additional applications of this technique to aid leadership researchers who wish to inductively derive meaning from large amounts of unstructured texts.     

Relationship between Familiarity, Attitudes and Preferences: Assisted Living Facilities as Compared to Nursing Homes

In this paper, the authors aim to (a) explore attitudes toward and preferences for living in the newly emerging place type of assisted living facilities in comparison to nursing homes, and (b) assess the possible impact of familiarity on those attitudes and preferences. Ninety-eight respondents (with a mean age of 62) were surveyed. Respondents were found to be more favorable toward assisted living facilities than nursing homes. A three-factor model was proposed in which attitudes mediated between familiarity and preferences. Increased familiarity seemed to predict enhanced favorable attitudes in the case of assisted living facilities, as opposed to unfavorable attitudes in the case of nursing homes. However, positive attitudes seemed to predict preferences for living in either place type. Results are discussed with regards to the literature on the mere exposure effect and long-term care for older adults.     

人性的围城

《围城》真正目的不是在批判社会,而是要挖掘根植于人性深处的两面性,我们把这种两面性叫做人性的“围城”。我们从方鸿渐的婚恋、学业、事业和生活所表现出来的矛盾冲突中,可以把握小说的主旨。     

学术期刊质量与学术影响力——以社会科学学术期刊为例

学术期刊影响力的大小与学术期刊的学术质量、刊物特色、编校质量、印刷装帧质量密切相关。学术质量是学术期刊所承载的精神文化产品的品质和品位,所反映的是客观世界的本质和规律的程度和水平,学术质量是衡量学术期刊影响力的根本尺度,刊物特色是铸造期刊影响力的关键,编校质量和印刷装帧质量是期刊学术影响力之重要因素。这诸种因素形成合力,方能铸造学术期刊良好的社会影响力。     

Sponsor-Imposed Publication Restrictions Disclosed on ClinicalTrials.gov

We investigated whether sponsor-imposed publication restrictions for ClinicalTrials.gov trials were reasonable, based on consistency with Good Publication Practice 2 (GPP2). ClinicalTrials.gov trial record data were electronically imported (October 7, 2012) and screened for eligibility (phase 2–4, interventional, recruitment closed, results available, first received for registration after November 10, 2009, any sponsor type, investigators not sponsor employees). Two authors categorized restrictions information as consistent or not consistent with GPP2, resolving discrepancies by consensus. Of the eligible trials (388/484, n = 81,768 participants), 80.7% (313/388) had restrictions disclosed, and 92.5% (311/388) were industry-sponsored. Significantly more trials had restrictions that were consistent with GPP2 than not (74.1% [232/313], n = 55,280 participants vs. 25.9% [81/313], n = 19,677 participants; P < .001). Reasons for inconsistency were insufficient, unclear, or ambiguous information (48.1%, 39/81), sponsor-required approval for publication (35.8%, 29/81), sponsor-required text changes (8.6%, 7/81), and outright bans (7.4%, 6/81). Follow-up of trials with insufficient information and a contact email (response rate, 46.9% [15/32]) revealed 2 additional bans. A total of 776 participants had consented to trials that had publication bans. Many, but not all, sponsor-imposed publication restrictions disclosed on ClinicalTrials.gov may be considered reasonable. Sponsors should ensure restrictions are appropriately disclosed. Volunteers should be alerted to any restrictions before consenting to participate in a clinical trial.