在华外资并购绩效实证分析——以饮料、洗涤用品、化妆品和汽车制造业为例

跨国并购是外国直接投资进入中国市场的一种主要手段。自中国加入WTO后,外资在华掀起一波接一波的并购浪潮,国内很多行业出现外资垄断现象,一些知名民族品牌开始淡出市场。以国内饮料、洗涤用品、化妆品和汽车制造业这四个行业的进出口贸易数据为基础,以贸易指数和竞争优势指数为工具来分析这种并购的绩效。结果发现,并购加快了中国产业结构调整,但对产业竞争优势的提高没有太大的效应,同时还阻碍了某些行业民族企业的发展。     

我国计算机软件专利保护文献综述

计算机软件作为一种新的智力劳动成果,如何保护研发者的利益,提高他们研发的积极性,目前,世界各国政府都在积极研究出台相关法律来保护这一新型智力劳动成果.主要介绍了有关计算机软件专利保护的国内外现状及保护的不足之处,提出了完善我国计算机软件专利保护的建议.旨在为我国计算机软件专利保护问题研究的进一步发展提供一个参照平台.     

Does differential response make a difference: examining domestic violence cases in child protection services

Large numbers of domestic violence (DV) cases on child protection caseloads have necessitated the development of practices that address both DV and child safety. The first step in this process is to gain an understanding of the differences between DV‐involved cases and other forms of maltreatment. The implementation of a differential response service model in Ontario offered an opportunity to compare risk assessment ratings, service outcomes and recurrence and to identify pathways of DV cases through child protection services (CPS). A sample (n = 785) of child protection investigations over a 4‐month period was examined. Of these investigations, 26% cases were DV referred; 87% of the DV victims were mothers; perpetrating partners were mostly absent from investigations; non‐white families were more often investigated for DV than white families; and DV cases were more likely to remain open for ongoing CPS. Only one‐third of DV‐exposed children were assessed as having been harmed and most community referrals were made for the victim parent. Mothers were the primary target of investigation, remaining in CPS for extended service provision although recurrence rates were lower than found in other investigations. Results are discussed to inform investigative procedures, assessment and service response to more adequately respond to children and families when DV is present.     

The paradox of parental participation and legal representation in ‘edge of care’ meetings

This paper assesses the nature of parental participation and legal representation in pre‐proceedings meetings in England and Wales. These are called when a local authority is considering care proceedings on a child. The parent(s) are invited to a meeting to discuss the concerns, and are entitled to attend with a lawyer. The paper draws on findings from a study of the process which included a file survey of over 200 cases, observations of 36 meetings and interviews with more than 90 key informants, including parents. The aim of the process is (usually) to reach an agreement to prevent the case going to court, but the families are usually well known to children's services, and have been through many meetings and agreements before. What then are the possibilities for parental participation and legal representation in the meetings? The study shows that they may help bring a greater degree of clarity to the local authority's proposals, but are not expected to challenge them. Paradoxically, they serve to reinforce the authority's position. The meetings can help divert cases, but it is important to be realistic about the chances of change in these often long‐standing ‘edge of care’ cases.     

Social work and the shadow father: lessons for engaging fathers in Northern Ireland

The legislative framework of social work practice has consistently highlighted the need to work in partnership with parents, with far‐reaching implications for families. However, the importance of engaging fathers in social work practice is an issue that has received limited attention within academic debate and research. A research study undertaken across six family centres, investigated paternal involvement in family centre social work in Northern Ireland. The study involved 46 semi‐structured interviews with social workers, fathers and mothers. This paper presents the views of 22 social workers on the barriers to paternal involvement in family centre interventions. A range of factors were identified which served to inhibit or promote engagement of fathers. There were substantially more deterrents than promoters, a clear indicator of the problematic nature of paternal involvement. The findings highlight that both attitudes and practices of social workers influence the engagement of fathers. Recommendations drawn from the findings are presented for the development of father – inclusive social work practices and research.     

环境影响评价司法审查的正当性阐释

环境影响评价具有科技专业性、利益多元性等特征,使得环境行政机关在实施时拥有较大自由裁量权。面对环境行政机关的裁量判断,现行模糊的环境立法并没有为司法机关能否及如何审查环境影响评价提供精确指引,导致环境影响评价司法审查的正当性备受质疑。然而不可否认的是,法治国家中的权利无漏洞保护需求,分权原则不容许有不受约束的行政权力存在,以及司法权制约行政权政治框架中的正当行政程序标准等均为环境影响评价的司法审查提供了正当性基础。     

西藏农牧区水电开发的法律问题研究

以西藏农牧区水电开发的生态环境保护为主题,以翔实的数据,全面介绍了农牧区水电开发的现状、积极价 值与负面影响,总结了“十二五”以来,西藏自治区农牧区的小水电发展取得的显著成效,但与此同时也伴随着诸多问 题,例如农牧区小水电开发的权利归属不明确,相关立法不健全,管理制度不完善,没有整体规划,开发中严重破坏了 当地的自然生态环境等问题。在此基础上,通过对西藏自治区农牧区小水电开发过程中出现的相应生态环境问题进 行剖析,提出了完善自治区在农牧区水电开发、利用等方面的法律体系,明确农牧区水能资源开发、利用权;完善水能 资源开发、利用的管理体制;强化生态环境保护在法律中的地位等解决措施。     

低碳环境下的车辆路径问题及禁忌搜索算法研究

基于节能减排的新视角,本文研究了低碳环境下由第三方提供运输服务的车辆路径问题,在安排车辆路径时,同时考虑了能耗、碳排放和租车费用,而这些费用不仅与距离有关,也与客户点的需求量和车辆速度有关。提出了考虑车辆运量和速度的能耗计算方法,建立了非满载运输方式下的低碳路径模型——LCRP。设计了基于路径划分的禁忌搜索算法RS-TS对问题进行求解,该算法引入了一种新颖的路径编码与解码算法WSS,采用了三种邻域搜索方法。通过基准测试实例验证了算法能有效地找到满意解,并揭示了距离、能耗、行驶时间等参数之间的关系,实验分析表明采用低碳路径安排更加经济环保且选择中低的交通速度更有利于节约能耗和降低碳排放。     

The development and management of social workers in Ethiopia: A situational analysis

Social protection has become a policy of choice to address rising vulnerabilities and inequalities in Africa. Successful implementation of social protection polices requires proliferation of competent social workers. This article first abstracts elements of an emerging international norm in a comprehensive system for the development and management of social workers and then reviews the extent to which Ethiopia has introduced these elements. It reveals that Ethiopia is in a very early stage in putting in place almost all identified elements of such a system. Recent measures that the Ethiopian government is taking to address this gap are highlighted by way of conclusion.     

贸易自由化与环境保护的博弈——环境非政府组织作为法庭之友的合理性探析

WTO环境保护规则由于其用语模糊,各国环境标准不统一以及发展中国家在国际贸易中的劣势地位,在实践中并没有达到环境NGOS的期望。因此,环境NGOS转向以法庭之友身份参与WTO争端解决程序。经过“美国海龟海虾案”、“欧共体石棉案”和“巴西限制从欧盟进口翻新轮胎案”的实践,WTO争端解决机构逐步接受了环境NGOS提交的法庭之友陈述。为实现WTO可持续发展的宗旨、提高环境贸易争端司法程序的透明度、公正解决案件,让国际社会更加重视环保问题,WTO争端解决机构不仅应在实践中考虑法庭之友陈述,还应根据WTO实体规则和司法实践尽早制定出规范法庭之友陈述的规则。