含风险价值约束资产配置模型的分析与应用

在经典均值-方差模型的基础上,提出了存在交易费用时基于风险价值约束的资产配置模型.给出了该模型的解析算法,对最优解的存在性条件进行分析.针对我国资本市场数据,提出了机构投资资金应用该模型在大类别资产中的最优配置比例.     

构建管理学理论范式的经济学方法评析

构建管理学理论范式可以运用多元化研究范式。研究者不仅需要考虑组织层面的角度,而且还应从经济学角度之外的心理认知、社会、政治、法律等多角度进行考察和研究,研究范式的转换为管理学的发展提供了方法论的基础。     

“…and they are really lying”: Clean evidence on the pervasiveness of cheating in professional contexts from a field experiment

We investigate the pervasiveness of lying in professional contexts such as insurance fraud, tax evasion and untrue job applications. We argue that lying in professional contexts share three characterizing features: (1) the gain from the dishonest behavior is uncertain, (2) the harm that lying may cause to the other party is only indirect and (3) lies are more indirect lies by action or written statements. Conducted as a field experiment with a heterogenous group of participants during a University “Open House Day”, our “gumball-machine-experiment” provides field evidence on how preferences for lying are shaped in situations typically found in professional contexts which we consider to be particularly prone to lying behavior compared to other contexts. As a key innovation, our experimental design allows measuring exact levels of cheating behavior under anonymous conditions. We find clean evidence that cheating is prevalent across all sub groups and that more than 32% of the population cheats for their own gain. However, an analysis of the cheating rates with respect to highest educational degree and professional status reveals that students cheat more than non-students. This finding warrants a careful interpretation of generalizing laboratory findings with student subjects about the prevalence of cheating in the population.     

劳动力成本、交易成本与产业结构升级

劳动力成本和交易成本会从不同方向对产业结构升级产生影响。劳动密集型产业或生产环节对劳动力成本比较敏感,劳动力成本的上升会促使这些产业或生产环节外迁,并推动本地企业更多地利用资本和技术替代劳动,从而推动产业结构由劳动密集型转变为资本和技术密集型;知识密集型产业或生产环节对交易成本比较敏感,即使劳动力成本高企,较低的交易成本也会吸引这些产业或生产环节移入,从而增加本地知识密集型产业或生产环节的比重。因此,劳动力成本的提高会推动区域产业结构升级,交易成本的降低则会诱导区域产业结构升级。     

农业纵向分工：服务外包的影响因子测度——基于专家问卷的定量评估

将农户的农业生产经营分为9个环节,基于农业生产环节交易特性与农户行为能力两个层面,测度农业生产环节进行服务外包的影响因子。农业生产环节的交易特性细分为专用性、规模性与风险性3个维度,农户行为能力则由排他能力、处置能力和交易能力3个维度表达。基于专家问卷,借助模糊数学和层次分析方法,对影响因子的权重进行定量评估。结果显示,同样的影响因素在不同的农业生产环节中表现出不同的特征,不同的影响因素在同一个农业生产环节中表现出的特征也有所差异。     

To live an ordinary life: resource needs and additional costs for people with a physical impairment

Disabled people face increased risks of living in poverty largely due to lower incomes and extra resource requirements compared to non-disabled people. This study incorporated the social model of disability with an economic approach to costing to estimate the additional costs required by people with a physical impairment to achieve an adequate standard of living in New Zealand. Budgets estimating the additional equipment, modifications, transport, support and time required to achieve an adequate standard of living were developed and validated through focus groups with community members. The findings suggest that reducing barriers involves substantial costs ranging from NZ$645–$2,348 per week.     

工程项目中社会资本对合理风险分担的影响研究

经济活动总是嵌入在一定社会关系中的,因此,任何一个工程项目风险分担的合理性都应在社会资本的视域下考察与判断.本文通过理论分析构建工程项目中社会资本对合理风险分担的影响模型,并以30个成功建设项目为样本采集到126份有效数据,运用结构方程模型的方法进行实证分析.研究结果表明:(1)风险分担可分解为缔约阶段的风险初次分担和履约过程中的风险再分担,二者之间具有显著的互补与联动关系;(2)社会资本对风险初次分担的完备程度产生显著反向影响,而对事后支持制度产生显著正向影响,且对事后支持制度的总效应相对较大;(3)社会资本对风险再分担的规模与实施效率均产生显著正向影响,且对风险再分担的实施效率总效应最大.本研究有利于引导工程项目交易双方根据社会资本制定更为合理的风险分担方案,从而促使项目成功.     

Priority Rules for Multi‐Task Due‐Date Scheduling under Varying Processing Costs

We study the scheduling of multiple tasks under varying processing costs and derive a priority rule for optimal scheduling policies. Each task has a due date, and a non‐completion penalty cost is incurred if the task is not completely processed before its due date. We assume that the task arrival process is stochastic and the processing rate is capacitated. Our work is motivated by both traditional and emerging application domains, such as construction industry and freelance consulting industry. We establish the optimality of Shorter Slack time and Longer remaining Processing time (SSLP) principle that determines the priority among active tasks. Based on the derived structural properties, we also propose an effective cost‐balancing heuristic policy and demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed policy through extensive numerical experiments. We believe our results provide operators/managers valuable insights on how to devise effective service scheduling policies under varying costs.     

家族治理合理性的制度分析

家族企业治理模式最突出的特点是:企业的所有权与经营权统一于家族内部,家长式的管理风格和企业内部的高度信赖与忠诚。这些特征使得家族企业产生出一套与非家族企业不同的运作规范与原则。从制度经济学角度来看家族治理的合理性就在于:降低了委托代理成本,减少了企业创立和经营中的事前和事后交易成本,优化了企业内部的契约关系。