基于回收物流成本的不同权力结构闭环供应链决策研究

针对回收物流成本要素对不同权力结构闭环供应链及其节点企业决策的影响问题,运用博弈论方法构建了由制造商和零售商组成的集中式决策闭环供应链,以及分散式决策闭环供应链模型。研究表明：在分散式决策闭环供应链中,消费者更倾向于零售商主导的市场结构;仅仅考虑零售价格,消费者会更加偏好于集中式的闭环供应链市场结构;制造商承担回收物流成本增加产生的利润损失会转嫁给零售商,并且导致零售商直接提高产品销售价格而引起市场废旧品回收率的降低。Nash均衡状态容易受到制造商和零售商利己行为的影响,占据主导地位的一方会打破市场的均衡状态。通过算例计算,对比分析了回收物流成本变动对回收率、销售价格、批发价格,以及闭环供应链节点企业最优利润的影响。     

The Redevelopment of Bus Depots: A Transaction Cost Economic Analysis of a Change in the Use of Land in Hong Kong

This is a pioneering study on bus depots based on a review of the English-language literature on or related to them, which is motivated by the prevalence of real estate projects using the land of the former depots. The review is followed by some conjectures about the transaction cost advantages of bus depot sites as a source of development land and examines the hypothesis that redevelopment projects using former bus depots, compared to other uses, in Hong Kong are more easily approved under the statutory planning system. The literature review found that bus depots have attracted much academic attention, although research angles were conditioned by different social perceptions of bus depots. The empirical results of this case study did not reject the hypothesis. The limitations and implications of the study are discussed.     

生态现代化视角下农村工业环境成本转化机制

农村工业的绿色发展是生态文明建设及乡村振兴的重要载体,其难点在于构建可持续的环境成本转化机制,从而处理好经济增长与环境保护的关系。以典型的环境倒逼式转型——河北农村铁网产业环保升级改造为例,从生态现代化视角分析其转型过程中环境成本转化机制和进展。分析结果表明：在环境政策的强力规制、行业协会的积极推动、基层政府的多重支持下,农村工业以环保改造任务外包和非技术性生产调整的方式取得了环境成本内部化的阶段性进展,但其环境成本再外部化面临缺乏技术创新和消费端激励的困难,其绿色转型导致生产成本增加、社会福利下降的问题;由于研发和资金不足,我国东部农村工业难以走生态现代化的路子,政产学研社协同创新及绿色消费机制的建立或将有助于突破其环境成本再外部化的困境。     

水稻生产环节外包服务行为研究

基于413份水稻经营主体调查数据,运用交易成本比较分析方法和二元Logit模型,从经营主体异质视角研究外包行为的影响因素。研究结果表明：对规模经营主体而言,外包服务的价值在于降低生产成本,获取更有效的规模经济效应,其决策的关键是外包服务和自购农机的交易成本比较。年龄和农业劳动力数量对以农为主的普通农户的外包行为都有显著影响,而以农为辅的普通农户的外包行为几乎不受个人因素影响。此外,普遍农户的外包行为还都受机耕道路建设情况、到最近车站的距离、地形特征等外部因素影响。     

Total cost of ownership along the supply chain: a model applied to the tinting industry

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is a consolidated purchasing tool applied across different industries. However, in some cases, existing models are not satisfactory. The paper analyses the tinting industry, where manufacturers of colourant dispensing machines sell products and related services to paint producers, who install them in retail stores to sell the colour paints to the final consumers. Authors develop a TCO model integrating those existing in literature and including the following specifications: (i) all relevant costs along the product life cycle are considered; (ii) both goods and service-related costs are considered; (iii) both explicit and hidden costs are considered; (iv) the model adapts to the perspectives of various actors in the supply chain. The TCO model is tested with real data and provides useful insights on real costs sustained by each actor.     

手机媒体发布政府信息的成本支付方式研究

手机媒体为政府信息公开提供了另外一种全新的方式，但在其发布信息的各个环节中都存在成本。为了更加充分地利用手机媒体在政府信息发布中的作用，通过对手机媒体发布政府信息过程中所产生的成本及成本支付问题进行分析，提出了以政府为主的政府、运营商和个人合理分配支付的成本负担方式，并对其进行了详细的分析与说明，同时提出了目前利用手机媒体发布政府信息所面临的问题。     

财务视角下煤炭企业安全生产管理

近年来,我国煤矿安全事故频发敲响了煤炭企业安全生产管理的警钟。文章从煤炭行业上市公司的财务报告出发,运用统计学及会计学相关原理,透视煤炭企业的安全生产管理现状,着重对其财务状况与安全生产投入之间的关系进行定量分析,强调煤炭企业完全可以在追求利润最大化的同时,提高安全生产管理水平。     

中国网络团购的现状、问题及对策研究

为了促进国内网络团购这一新兴行业朝着有序、规范、合理的方向发展，对其存在的信息不对称、售后维权难、不良价格竞争趋势显著及团购网站同质化严重等问题进行了深入研究。分析认为：政府应加强制度建设、制定行业标准与规范、完善网络团购交易机制、建立网络团购的良性竞争机制，以实现国内网络团购健康可持续发展。     

政治理想主义之反思

反思政治理想主义,旨在重新评估它对20世纪历史和政治所产生的影响,其主要内容包括三个方面:政治理想主义行动本身的代价,对政治理想主义行动主动者而言的合意性,以及对被动卷入者而言的正当性。事实上,大多数政治理想主义行动代价高昂,行动结果并不合意,而且缺乏必要的正当性。     

An outsourcing model for lead users: an empirical investigation

Product development costs have been increasing constantly over the past few decades. Outsourcing some or all of the new product development (NPD) activities to external parties is increasingly becoming a popular option in the quest to reduce costs. Lead users (LUs), a special group of users that experience needs earlier than the public, have been identified as an important source of innovative ideas. In this article, we explore and compare the cost impact of outsourcing activities to LUs relative to in-house NPD. Using survey data from 376 European manufacturers, we show that LUs’ impact on cost reduction is higher than that achieved through higher performing in-house NPD teams. The unique attributes of LUs make them a favourable outsourcing partner of NPD activity that can help reduce costs whilst increasing an organisation's innovative ability. The reduction in costs is a combination of the information sharing benefits achieved through in-house NPD and the outsourcing of NPD activities to LUs.