论国外公平分配理论与实践对我国的启示

十七大以来，政府的执政中心日益向改善民生倾斜，体现在收入分配问题上，就是从追求效率优先向缩小收入差距、促进社会公平上来。在推进收入公平分配的过程中，理应大胆吸收与借鉴国外优秀的理论成果与成功的实践经验，以求事半功倍，以达社会和谐。     

宋元之际上海的兴起

上海在宋末由村设镇,元初由镇升县,迅速崛起。上海设镇时间在宋理宗淳祐十一年(1251年)到宝祐四年(1256年)之间,最有可能是1255年。上海主要是在长江三角洲取代了江阴的地位,因而得以兴起,而非前人认为上海取代华亭县内青龙镇的地位。宋末上海市舶分司兼管上海镇,上海市舶分司长官有蔡起莘、陈壁,其中蔡起莘也是上海的武官,由提举上海市舶分司兼任上海监镇,江阴市舶务在1255年裁并。宋末上海长官兼管海防,辖有招安海盗张瑄的船队,职务重要。元初上海的因漕立县,主要体现在豪族聚居与漕粮激增这两方面。漕运豪族是上海县的支配者,与上海县互相依存。宋末和元初上海迅速发展的经济基础都是航运业,宋元之际的上海发展是连贯一体的。     

The Lived Experience of Transport Structure: An Exploration of Transport's Role in People's Lives

This article is oriented towards the tensions between the local character of the lived experience of transport and the more general view taken in transport policy studies. The article presents research conducted in 2002–2005 into the lived experience of transport structure: it represents a social transport policy approach to the phenomenon of suppressed journeys and barriers to travel. The research was funded by the Department for Transport with the primary goal of exploring the complexities associated with travel among different social groups and across different geographic locations. Two case studies were undertaken, one in a rural location and one in a peripheral urban location in Oxfordshire. Analysis of the case‐study materials resulted in a number of findings, the most pertinent of which is that there is a major consultation gap between users of the transport system and planners of that system. Additionally, existing methodologies in transport and travel under‐record and under‐represent the barriers to mobility experienced in the routine of everyday life within contemporary Britain.     

苏州地区运输网络功能的实证研究

在市场经济体制逐步确立的情况下 ,区域性的客货运流量、流向和结构正在发生深刻变化 ,建立和完善一个地区的交通运输网络体系 ,发挥各类运输方式的优势 ,提高运输网络的综合功能 ,是实现运输资源优化配置 ,满足社会经济发展的正确选择。在这一方面 ,苏州地区的区域性交通运输网络和客货运资源配置 ,便是具有一定代表性和典型性的例证。     

Road socialism

Road socialists maintain that government is the best manager for the nation's vehicular transportation arteries. Contrary to their views, the present author maintains that the managerial role can best be fulfilled by private entrepreneurs. Under highway privatization, he claims, traffic fatalities and automobile congestion will be sharply reduced.The author wishes to thank the North American Editor of Transport Policy, and an anonymous referee from the present journal, for helpful suggestions and commentary on an earlier draft of this paper.     

The Transport System and Society’s Metabolism in the UK

This paper analyses the interrelation between the transport system and measures of resource consumption such as material and energy consumption over a 60-year period (1937–1997) in the UK. Non-motorized transport and time consumption for mobility are estimated in addition to conventional measures of transport. During the period analyzed, the UK population grew by 20% while transport of goods and persons increased more than threefold and material and energy consumption almost doubled. The transport intensity of domestic material input (DMI) doubled to 300 ton-kilometers (tkm) per ton of DMI while the transport intensity of domestic energy consumption (DEC) doubled to 20 tkm per gigajoule (GJ) of DEC. Thus, while the material and energy intensity of GDP declined significantly, a well-established trend in many advanced countries, the transport intensity of materials and energy consumption rose. These findings suggest a close link between transport, economic development, and long-term structural transformations. In the case of personal transport, a rebound effect was also observed: whereas the average speed of transport has greatly increased, the average number of hours per day devoted to personal transport has not declined.     

Regression Analysis of Restricted Mean Survival Time Based on Pseudo-Observations

Regression models for survival data are often specified from the hazard function while classical regression analysis of quantitative outcomes focuses on the mean value (possibly after suitable transformations). Methods for regression analysis of mean survival time and the related quantity, the restricted mean survival time, are reviewed and compared to a method based on pseudo-observations. Both Monte Carlo simulations and two real data sets are studied. It is concluded that while existing methods may be superior for analysis of the mean, pseudo-observations seem well suited when the restricted mean is studied.     

不动产登记制度的法律经济学分析

我国不动产登记制度的选择可以从不同视角进行衡量和分析。在法律经济学的视野之下 ,利用“最大化原则”和“公共选择理论”考察和衡量物权变动制度中登记生效主义和登记对抗主义两种立法模式 ,得出结论 :登记对抗主义是我国现阶段科学而有效率的登记立法模式。     

经济学对伦理学发展的作用—读布鲁姆的《走出经济学的伦理学》

布鲁坶的《走出经济学的伦理学》一书展示了经济学与伦理学关系研究的新动向、新视角和新领域,即经济学对伦理学的贡献。尽管书中的有些观点有失偏颇,如所有的“善”都应该,而且都能够降格为“较善”,可能会使伦理学丧失其自身,布鲁坶在书中所阐述的核心观点,即借鉴经学的分析形式,采用经济学的比较性思维,以及其所提出的比较性术语“较善”的概念,都将对伦理学研究带来方法论上的革命,其影响是深远的。     

从后发优势视角看发展经济学的演化

从“后发优势”视角来理解和把握发展经济学的演进过程。从某种意义上说,发展经济学在很大程度上是随着对发展中国家后发优势及其对实现途径认识的不断深化而演进和发展的,其困境是由于未能找到将“落后”转变为“优势”的有效途径,其发展则是在不同思路的思想实验和发展实践中不断推进的。