证券民事责任初探

基于我国法律对证券民事责任规定的欠缺以及证券民事责任的独特性,追究证券民事责任不仅要考虑到请求权人具有流动性和难以确定性的客观事实,而且应认识到证券民事责任实质上是一种部分与契约责任竞合的侵权责任,对不同的责任主体应采用不同的归责原则,必须预置多样化的损害赔偿计算方法以及独特的诉讼机制,明确承担证券民事责任的特定方式,确立证券民事赔偿责任的优先效力,力求公平和效率的双赢.     

会计舞弊行为的民事责任及其主体分析

实践证明,欲遏制会计舞弊行为的发生,除德治外,更需要法治。而对违法者民事责任的有效追究,是对投资者损失补偿最有效的手段。通过对会计信息决策者的分析及国内外会计造假行为民事责任现状的比较,对会计舞弊行为民事责任主体的构成进行了新的思考,并提出了会计人员也应对虚假的会计信息披露承担主要民事责任。     

论虚假广告侵权归责原则的局限性

实践中,虚假广告侵权一直被视为一般侵权行为,其归责原则适用传统的过错责任原则。实际上,虚假广告侵权在许多方面都有自己的特殊性,这使过错责任原则适用于虚假广告侵权显现出很大的局限性,已经不能很好地发挥法律责任的教育、预防及制裁功能。这种局限性也为虚假广告侵权适用一种更为严格的归责原则创造了条件。     

How Unique Are the Price–Anderson Limitations on Nuclear Accident Liability?

In this paper we extend the work reported in prior studies. The conclusion drawn from the aggregate of those studies was that the limitation on liability imposed by the Price–Anderson Act for a catastrophic accident at a nuclear power plant ($560 million) is comparable to de facto limitations on recovery following catastrophic events in many other industries. The analysis in those reports was at a high level of abstraction, comparing almost exclusively the potential loss from high consequence accidents with the current assets of major firms in relevant industries. We found that potential loss exceeded assets.     

Attitudes Toward Managing Hazardous Waste: What Should Be Cleaned Up and Who Should Pay for It?

Hazardous waste policy in the United States uses a liability-based approach, including strict, retroactive, and joint and several liability. To assess attitudes toward these basic principles of liability, and toward priorities for clean-up of wastes, a questionnaire was mailed to legislators, judges, executives of oil and chemical companies, environmentalists, and economists. The questionnaire consisted of abstract, simplified cases, which contrasted basic principles rather than dealing with real-world scenarios. Subjects were asked how they would allocate clean-up costs between companies and government as a function of such factors as adherence to standards, adoption of best available technology (BAT), and influence of penalties on future behavior. Most subjects felt that, if the company followed government standards or used the best available technology (BAT), it should pay for only a portion of the clean-up cost, with the government paying the rest. In general, responses did not support the principles underlying current law–strict, retroactive, and joint-and-several liability. Most subjects were more interested in polluters paying for damages than in deterrence or future benefit–even to the extent that they would have "harmless" waste sites cleaned up. A bias was found toward complete clean-up of some sites, or "zero risk." Different groups of subjects gave similar answers, although more committed environmentalists were more willing to make companies pay and to clean up waste regardless of the cost.     

论注册会计师法律责任

随着注册会计师制度的不断发展,注册会计师的法律责任问题日益突显,而随之相配套的法律制度所存在的空白也出现,本文试对当今社会中注册会计师在履行其职责时所存在的相关法律问题进行分析。     

论合同有效中的缔约过失责任

缔约过失责任一般在合同不成立、无效或者被撤销时,才可能产生.但在合同有效时也有可能产生缔约过失责任.因为,缔约过失责任的本质是违反先合同义务的法律后果,在合同的有效时,违反先合同义务的情形也可能存在,相应的缔约过失责任也应存在.     

Altruistic and Vicarious Fear of Crime: Fear for Others and Gendered Social Roles

Fear for others as distinct from personal fear is an understudied phenomenon. Relying on qualitative data, this paper explores gender differences in fear for others and identifies differences linked to social roles. For men, a paternal protector role characterized fears expressed mostly for their wives. For women, a maternal caretaker role characterized fears expressed for their children, elderly parents, and siblings. This paper offers a new way to conceptualize fear for others based on making distinctions between the object of fear and active or nonactive responses: kinship-based altruistic fear, kinship-based vicarious fear, general altruistic fear, and general vicarious fear.

未成年人相对负刑事责任范围的理性探求

《刑法》第17条第2款对未成年人相对负刑事责任范围的规定有若干含义不明之处,应该根据罪刑法定原则合法、合理地探求其应有的含义.该条款规定的八种犯罪应该理解为是指具体的罪名.在这八种犯罪中,"故意杀人、故意伤害致人重伤或者死亡"应该包括其他罪名的犯罪中包含或隐含有故意杀人、故意伤害致人重伤、死亡结果的犯罪;"强奸罪"应该包括刑法分则其他条文中规定的"强奸"或"奸淫"行为;"抢劫罪"应当包括三种转化型的抢劫罪;"贩卖毒品罪"不包括走私、运输、制造毒品罪;"投毒罪"应当包括修正后的投放危险物质罪.不能将这法定的八种犯罪限定为"情节特别严重"的犯罪.该条款可以增设一些其他严重的犯罪.     

韩亚航空事故承运人责任的管辖权探讨

1999年《蒙特利尔公约》为国际航空运输中承运人责任的确定提供了统一的实体法规则。公约确定了5种管辖权,如何在其中做出选择不仅关系着诉讼能否顺利展开,也可能对最终的诉讼结果具有重要的影响。结合韩亚航空事故的具体情况,对旅客一方可援引的5种《蒙特利尔公约》管辖权进行逐一分析,指出死伤的中国旅客将很难依据公约在美国提起诉讼。