村治主体的“老好人”化：原因分析与后果呈现

后税费时期,在我国相当一部分农业型村庄中,不得罪人、缺乏原则性的“老好人”成为村治的主体。税费改革及其相关配套改革带来的系列后果,如村庄治理权力弱化、村庄集体资源匮乏等,成为理解“老好人”治村得以出现的制度层面原因;另一方面,“老好人”治村现象的出现与村庄社会变迁以及村庄内生型力量彰显有关。“老好人”治村是上述两个层面共同作用的结果。 村治主体的“老好人化”导致村级组织悬浮、基层矛盾凝聚、村庄秩序瓦解等一系列政治社会后果,必须引起高度关注。     

农村劳动力结构变迁对村落文化传承的影响

随着城市化进程不断加快,西部经济欠发达地区的农村青壮年劳动力不断流入城市,使得农村劳动力结构处于失衡状态并且对农村社会文化生活的正常运行带来巨大挑战。通过深入剖析陕西关中李村的个案,发现农村劳动力结构变迁已经对原有的村落文化传承机制产生了重要的冲击,致使村落文化传承面临难以为继的处境。基于此,建议强化村级组织在村落文化传承方面的组织、引导功能;鼓励成立留守妇女文化组织;重视村落的文化扶贫,重建村落文化空间。     

农村宅基地使用权流转的合法性探析

我国现行法律关于农村宅基地使用权流转的规定模糊,且在适用法律的过程中发生了误读.我国现有的农村宅基地使用权流转试点既证明了其存在的合理性,也暴露了农村宅基地使用权制度改革中亟待解决的诸多问题.在渐进式地推进农村宅基地使用权的流转过程中,政府既是不可或缺的力量,也是一个务必准确定位的角色.农村宅基地使用权流转的目标也是多重而复杂的,其中农民的利益是一切问题的起点也是归宿,所以改革应以保证农民意思自治为核心,以实现公平交易为准绳,伴随而生的是土地利用效率的提高与城市化的推进.     

云南历史文化村镇保护研究——以通海河西镇为例

云南至今仍遗存有众多历史文化村镇,不仅类型丰富、村镇空间构成形态独特,还承载和表征着地方民族丰厚的历史文化信息,具有多重研究探讨价值。面对当前我国中小城镇的快速发展,如何有效地传承与保护好这些村镇积淀的历史文化,进一步彰显村镇风貌特色,具有重大意义。本文以通海县河西古镇为例,系统分析其所面临的建设性破坏,传统建筑遗产、传统文化生态环境亟待保护等现实问题,以人居环境科学和可持续发展的理论为指导,从对历史文化村镇有机更新保护和文化生态环境建设方面入手,提出全民参与、整体保护、原真性保护等古镇保护原则,以及相应的整体格局保护、建筑高度控制、街巷空间保护等具体措施,以期为古镇保护提供有价值的参考。     

Community Based Rural Health Care in India

SUMMARY

India is a large country, geographically as well as popula-tionwise. The majority of its population lives in rural areas, i.e., villages. Again, most of the villages are in remote areas. The State has been making sincere efforts to make the basic social services accessible to all in the rural area. Health being one of the vital services, it has been a challenging task before the State to extend it to the remote rural areas, many of which are not yet connected by motorable roads. As a result of various experiments carried out over the last five decades, the State has developed a fairly well-designed primary health care service, and it is in operation in rural areas. However, there appears to be a striking gap between the delivery of health services in rural areas and utilization of the services by the people. Attempts have been made in this article to apprise the readers of the health service system in India, and it discusses the issue of health service delivery at the village level. The discussion is based on a small study carried out in a rural area in the State of West Bengal (India) where students of social work of the University to which the author belongs are placed for field work. Following the inputs received through supervision of the students' work, the study was initiated and conducted.

This article based on the study seeks to focus on peoples' perception of the health services as provided by the State in rural areas, which in turn gets reflected in the extent to which they utilize the services. Social workers being an integral part of the health set up, their role bears special significance. Discussion, therefore, centres on scope for social work intervention at the community level as well as in institutional level of the health service delivery system to make the services meaningful and effective in rural areas. In fact, it has to take the leadership role in reforming the service delivery system when required.     

文化展演视域中的少数民族艺术传承——以云南石屏慕善村为例

在民族旅游开发的背景下,以云南石屏慕善村为例,在综合、动态的文化展演视域中描述、阐释艺术传承活动在村落文化结构中生成、传承和调适的过程。揭示文化展演是艺术传承的有效路径,是文化符号资本化运作的基本样式,因经济诉求与收益的叠加而不断被操演、强化,其承载的外在族性符号与地方性文化表征被彰显,而内蕴的族群精神与意义日渐淡化。     

Completing the Circle

Abstract

The four themes of the Circle of Courage, a Native American medicine wheel that focuses on child socialization, connect with and add to key ideas from Western theories of human development. These themes are belonging, mastery, independence, and generosity. The purpose of this paper is to present a framework developed from the integration of the Circle of Courage with theories of human development. A key feature of the framework is the role of adults in providing guidance, modeling, and affirmation. Assessment guidelines to promote the resilience of children and youth in out-of-home care are developed from the framework. The long term goal of the framework is to “complete the circle”; that is to foster the resilience of young people in care so that they can in turn provide to guidance, modeling, and affirmation.     

大学英语听力网络自主学习环境中教师的角色定位——基于学生期望与教师实际课堂教学行为差异比较

通过对基于网络的大学英语自主学习环境中教师角色定位的实证研究,结果发现：在网络自主学习中,学生希望自己的老师担任“倡导者、指导者、监控者、评估者和心理协调者”的角色.虽然教师和学生的信念一致,但学生的期望和教师的实际课堂教学行为之间存在显著性差异.造成差异的主要原因在于传统的教学观念、模式、方法、评估方式以及教师的素质.有鉴于此,从树立信念、提高素质、传授策略、监控和评估过程、重视学生心理情感因素等5个方面,对学校和教师提出了建议.     

浅析大学自治与学术自由

大学自治与学术自由作为现代大学的基本精神,需要制度性的规定进行保障。学术自由是一个相对的概念,没有超然于现实政治之外的学术绝对自由。问题的关键在于:如何将学术自由与政治保持在适当的距离?而这个适当的距离又如何衡量?很显然,以纯粹探求知识为目的、在动机上排除政治性的功利主义动机是将学术研究与政治保持距离的基本要求。但是,另一方面,正如洪堡所提出的那样,政府及国家的作用不应限制教授治校的原则与学术研究的内容及方向,更不能影响知识的传承。     

Individual and community effects of women's education and autonomy on contraceptive use in India

This study makes use of the National Family Health Survey of 1998‐99 to investigate whether differences in women's autonomy can explain much of the relationship between education and contraceptive use among married Indian women with at least one child. The analyses show that a woman's education does not influence her contraceptive use through a strengthening of her position in relation to that of men, but that the inclusion of a simple indicator of her general knowledge reduces education effects appreciably. Further, the average educational level of other women in the census‐enumeration area has an effect on a woman's contraceptive use above and beyond that of her own education. This effect cannot be explained by the specific indicators of autonomy, but can to some extent be explained by the son preference of the community. The latter is a more general autonomy indicator that may also pick up other contextual factors.