Making Professional Decisions in Research: Measurement and Key Predictors

The professional decision-making in research (PDR) measure was administered to 400 National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded and industry-funded investigators, along with measures of cynicism, moral disengagement, compliance disengagement, impulsivity, work stressors, knowledge of responsible conduct of research (RCR), and socially desirable response tendencies. Negative associations were found for the PDR and measures of cynicism, moral disengagement, and compliance disengagement, while positive associations were found for the PDR and RCR knowledge and positive urgency, an impulsivity subscale. PDR scores were not related to socially desirable responding, or to measures of work stressors and the remaining impulsivity subscales. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, lower moral disengagement scores, higher RCR knowledge, and identifying the United States as one’s nation of origin emerged as key predictors of stronger performance on the PDR. The implications of these findings for understanding the measurement of decision-making in research and future directions for research and RCR education are discussed.     

李杭育寻根小说的文化认同

李杭育是新时期寻根小说的代表作家之一,其"葛川江系列小说"对民族文化中的下述正面因子进行了呈现并给予了赞许、认同的价值立场:搏击凶险、抗争自然、捍卫生命并由此喷薄强力、意志力的生存品格,执拗、倔强、坚韧的生命特质,血气、野性、自由自在、率真的生命形式,重情义、守孝道、讲仁爱、善良的伦理操守。     

Children's Physiological Regulation and Sibling Conflict as Correlates of Children's Conscience Development

Children's conscience, including the ability to experience guilt and engage in rule‐compatible behavior, develops across early childhood. The current study investigated whether within‐family variation in children's baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and sibling conflict behavior were associated with individual differences in children's guilt and internalized conduct. Between‐family differences across sibling dyad gender compositions were also examined. A within‐family design that included 70 families with two siblings between the ages of 2 and 5 was utilized. Children's baseline RSA was measured while sitting quietly with their family. Mothers and fathers completed questionnaires that assessed siblings’ conflict behavior, guilt, and internalized conduct. Older siblings had higher levels of guilt and internalized conduct than younger siblings. Results from actor‐partner interdependence models indicated that there were no direct effects of children's baseline RSA. The interaction effects approached significance (p's ≤ .08) suggesting that older siblings’ conflict moderated the association between older siblings’ baseline RSA and both older and younger siblings’ guilt. In contrast, older siblings’ conflict was positively associated with older and younger siblings’ internalized conduct. Guilt and internalized conduct also differed for older and younger siblings in different dyad gender compositions. The results underscore the need for greater clarity regarding the function that siblings serve in promoting children's moral development during early childhood.     

孔子育人思想的价值目标——"君子"(论纲)

孔子毕生致力于塑造一个“君子”的形象,他“述而不作”,是通过自己全部的言论和行为来完成的。从“君子”一词的来历、诸多内涵的构成、整个形象的特色和相关问题,结合孔子的言行进行系列的探讨,以解读孔子留给后人的“君子”形象。     

被扭曲的公司社会责任——兼评《公司法》第5条第1款的规定

文章从对跨国公司生产守则运动推行的实际效果的观察引入,实证分析了当公司社会责任以话语的形式占据了声音的空间时,跨国公司、供应商、工人等相关利益团体是基于何种理由,以及是如何与之互动和博弈的.进而在这一基础上反思修订后的<公司法>第5条第1款对于公司社会责任的原则性规定,并讨论了对这一现实所应持的立场.     

司法工作人员参与无身份者实施真正身份犯的共犯成立类型研究

根据共犯处罚的根据论中的修正惹起说,以及对实行行为的实质理解,在司法工作人员参与无身份者实施以司法工作人员身分作为构成要素的真正身份犯时,司法工作人员只能构成间接正犯,而不能构成教唆犯。而无身份者只能构成帮助犯,不能构成实行犯。     

宋代笔记小说中的妇女形象及其时代特征

宋代笔记小说中才女、智女、贤女、恶女形象比较突出。才女、智女、贤女形象展示出宋人温文尔雅、比较柔弱的时代特征。恶女形象则反映了人们对这一社会问题的重视。     

政府行为外部性与人和自然和谐发展

政府行为外部性是由政治过程产生的、通过制定或改变交易规则或产权控制从而间接改变市场性外部性、造成相应成本和收益转移的现象。在当前人与自然关系日益紧张的情况下,实现政府行为合理化以最大限度地发挥政府行为正外部性、克服负外部性,是实现人与自然和谐发展的关键因素之一。     

Best Practice to Order Authors in Multi/Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Research Publications

Misunderstanding and disputes about authorship are commonplace among members of multi/interdisciplinary health research teams. If left unmanaged and unresolved, these conflicts can undermine knowledge sharing and collaboration, obscure accountability for research, and contribute to the incorrect attribution of credit. To mitigate these issues, certain researchers suggest quantitative authorship distributions schemes (e.g., point systems), while others wish to replace or minimize the importance of authorship by using “contributorship”—a system based on authors’ self-reporting contributions. While both methods have advantages, we argue that authorship and contributorship will most likely continue to coexist for multiple ethical and practical reasons. In this article, we develop a five-step “best practice” that incorporates the distribution of both contributorship and authorship for multi/interdisciplinary research. This procedure involves continuous dialogue and the use of a detailed contributorship taxonomy ending with a declaration explaining contributorship, which is used to justify authorship order. Institutions can introduce this approach in responsible conduct of research training as it promotes greater fairness, trust, and collegiality among team members and ultimately reduces confusion and facilitates resolution of time-consuming disagreements.     

Love is Not All You Need: A Revolutionary Approach to Parental Abuse

This case story is a composite of similar family situations where the parents were at risk of harm from their teenage children and commonly the father/step‐father has moved out of home leaving the mother to parent the children on her own. Several of these cases involved physical threats to the lives of the parents. These referrals occurred in a Child, Adolescent and Family Mental Health Service and a Family Therapy NGO between 1985 and 2005. This approach is offered as a complement to the widely published ‘non‐violent resistance’ approach of Haim Omer and his colleagues. We hope it goes some way to address what Lavi‐Lavavi et al ( 2013 , Journal of Systemic Therapies, 32(4), 79–93). describe as ‘the mother's plight’:

The plight of the mother continues to present a major challenge… We are also seeking ways to allow the mother more breathing space, help her to disengage from abrasive conflicts, acknowledge her contribution and sacrifice, and provide her with vantage points that may help her recognize and enhance small improvements. Hopefully, these measures will enable women to evolve from unacknowledged victims to pillars of the family’ (p. 92).